PERSIAN (ENGLISH) WALNUTS 
(Juglans regia) 
The Persian (English) walnut as previously grown in the 
Eastern United States has been imported from England, France, 
Germany, etc., and has not proven hardy where winter temperatures 
fall to below —10° F. This has held its range to southern 
Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey and further south. 
THE CRATH CARPATHIAN PERSIAN 
(ENGLISH) WALNUTS 
This class of Persian (English) walnuts is named after the 
Rev. Paul C. Crath, who was born in the Russian Ukraine. He is a 
graduate of two European Universities and one in North America. 
For seven years (1925-1933) he was a missionary in the Carpathian 
Mountains of Poland. He became much interested in walnuts 
growing in these mountains. In 1929 there was a very severe winter 
all over Europe, in the Carpathian Mountains of Poland the 
temperatures remaining as low as —40° to —49° F. for over two 
months. The peasants took their cows, pigs, etc., into their huts to 
keep them from freezing to death. Nearly all plum and many apple 
trees were killed, but the walnut trees suffered less than any of the 
fruit trees. 
In 1934 money was raised by interested nut tree growers in 
the United States and Canada, to send Rev. Crath to Poland to select 
Persian (English) walnuts for introduction into the Northern United 
States and Canada. He selected only high quality nuts from trees 
that showed no injury from the 1929 winter. The importation of 
these nuts continued for several years, but now of course the war has 
put a stop to it. It is hard to guess at this time what may have 
happened to those trees in Poland; they may be gun stocks now. 
The Carpathian Persian (English) walnut and the Circassian 
walnut are synonymous. ‘The Circassian walnut is valued in the 
furniture industry higher than mahogany. 
The Carpathian Persian (English) walnut makes large fairly 
fast-growing trees. In the majority of cases the quality of the 
Carpathian walnuts is superior to that of the California English 
walnuts. 
