218 THE NORTHERN MICROSCOPIST. 
a ee ee 
Stems from +-inch to 1-inch in length, leaves oblong-lanceolate 
generally, capsules pear-shaped or elliptical, and either exserted as 
in O. saxatile (Fig. 11), or immersed in the leaves as in O. cupulatum, 
Fig. 12. This distinction dividing the genus into two broad groups. 
They are found on trees or rocks and walls, never on earth—the 
fruit ripening exactly twelve months from the first appearance of 
the flower. Peristome, in one or two cases absent, is either single 
or double of 32 teeth connected so as to seem 16. 
A common species is O. affine, the common wood bristle-moss, 
capsule oblong with narrow strie and somewhat exserted ; leaves 
spreading oblong-lanceolate ; margin revolute and slightly undulate, 
strongly papillose or with bluntish prominences on both sides, 
Fig. 13. 
The following species may also be mentioned: Q. rupestre, O. 
anomalum, U. crispum, U. flutchinse, and U. phyllanthum. 
The last named, the frizzled bristle-moss, is found near the sea, 
but fruit not known; the nerve of the leaf extending to or beyond 
the apex where it is generally covered with gemme, Fig, 14. 
Many of the Dicranaceze may be gathered this month, as also 
many of the Bryums ; the more common species being D. scoparium 
and D. majus, found on shady banks in woods, and &. pallescens, 
on rocks and walls. The following are more rare: D. Starkii, D. 
falcatum, D. Blyttit, D. Scottianum, and D. fuscescens found on 
Alpine rocks, while D. sguarrosum frequents wet mountainous 
places, but it is rare in fruit. ZB, latifolium and B. uliginosum are 
met with in boggy places, whilst rocks and walls suit ZB. acuminatum, 
B. polymorphum, B. elongatum, and Z. julaceum. Z. demissum is 
a very rare species, and B. Warneum is only found at Southport 
and in Scotland. Mnium stellare, always reported as not fruiting 
in Britain, has been found in fruit in Derbyshire during the last 
two months by Mr. G. A. Holt, of Manchester. 
A very marked genus is the Encalyptas, or extinguisher mosses, 
from the calyptra completely enveloping the capsule. 
Belonging to the group Splachnacee is a very interesting moss 
in fruit this month, @dipodium Grifithianum. 
It was first found on Ingleborough in Yorkshire, and subsequently 
on Ben Lawers, Ben Nevis, Ben Cruachan, and other mountains in 
Scotland. Wilson says it is confined to Britain, and it is stated 
that Professor Schimper, the author of the Bryologia Europea, 
paid a special visit to England, to personally gather this and other 
mosses. An exceedingly fine collection of specimens, examined 
and named by Professor Shimper, was recently presented to the 
Manchester Free Reference Library by Mr. John Windsor. There 
are also in the library collections of Mosses made by Messrs. Nowell, 
Buxton, and Hobson. 
Of the Hypnums, or Feather Mosses, the most noticeable is 
