644. New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 
spring. Often this formation of new leaves is repeated two or 
three times, the seedling finally becoming too exhausted to continue 
the struggle. If the following winter be survived enough growth 
may be made to render budding possible. : 
Although the disease is very abundant on bearing trees further 
south, it seems to be confined in western New York, at least in its 
severe attacks, to one, two, and three year old seedlings, occasion- 
ally defoliating a budded stock of some susceptible variety, like the 
Flemish Beauty. All ordinary 'budded stocks are commonly 

immune from the disease, although the stocks into which the buds 
are inserted may have been diseased before being budded.* So 
far as the author’s observations go the fungus causing the disease 
does not attack the seeds of the pear or the cotyledons of the 
young seedlings until two weeks after the appearance of the latter 
above the surface of the soil. Early in the season it attacks only 
the foliage, but later, as the defoliation continues, it is found on 
the succulent growing tip of the stem. For three or four inches 
from the terminal bud the bark is covered with small, sunken 
spots, bearing in their centers the mature fruiting bodies of the — 
fungus, this condition first becoming noticeable about the middle 
of August. As first pointed out by Sorauer,| it is in these sunken 
spots that the parasite passes the winter. In America the para- 
site lives from year to year, as it does in Germany, upon the bark 
of the growing seedling and infects the young leaves upon their 
first appearance in the spring. On May 20, before the foli- 
age of last season’s unbudded stocks was two-thirds grown, mature — 
pustules were found upon the young leaves in immediate proximity 
to these spots upon the twigs. A microscopic examination of the 
spots revealed the parasite in an active condition. There is little 

* The terms “seedlings” and ‘‘stocks’ are here employed as in common use among nursery- 
men. A seedling in nursery parlance means a plant grown from seed before it is transplanted 
into the nursery row, while the term stock is used to designate the seedling after transplanting 
either before or after budding. Whenever I have referred to stocks which have been budded I 
have used the term ‘“‘budded stocks” or ‘‘buds.”’ 
P = 
+ Sorauer, P. Handb. d. Pflanzenkrankheiten Zweite Aufi., 1886, vol. ii, p. 878. Monatschr. d. — 
ver. zur Beford. d. Gartenb. Kgl. fpreuss. St., Jan. 1878. (Cited by Frank Krankh. d. Pf. 
p. 590.) 
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