No. 33.] 197 
cutter, and applied the clippings thus obtained to one-half each of 
twenty-eight rows of radish, spreading them thinly upon the soil 
for a width of three inches upon each side of the rows, sprinkling 
on enough dirt to prevent the wind from blowing them away. The 
foliage in the half of the rows treated with the tobacco clippings 
soon became more vigorous than the other half, and we hoped to 
find that the roots of these plants contained fewer maggots. In this, 
however, we were disappointed. When the roots were sufficiently 
large for use, we found that those treated with the tobacco clip- 
pings contained no fewer maggots than the others. Indeed in many 
cases they contained more. 
Growing the radish in a frame of boards had no apparent effect 
in keeping away the maggot, though it largely prevented the attacks 
of the flea-beetle. 
In the spring of 1883 we applied a very liberal dressing of coal 
ashes upon a small plat of ground, and after forking over the soil, 
planted it with radish seed. The roots produced were nearly or 
quite as badly infested with the maggot as others grown without an 
application of the ashes. Last spring we again planted the plat 
with radish seed, and were surprised to find that the roots produced 
were almost entirely free from maggots. We followed the first 
crop with a second, and this with a third, with the same result. All 
the roots grown on this plat were free from the maggot. We are 
led to believe, therefore, that soil in which an abundance of coal 
ashes is thoroughly mixed will produce radishes free from the 
larvee of the radish fly. We purpose carrying the experiments far- 
ther the coming season. 
For details of experiments upon the flea-beetle, Z/altica striolata, 
see the paragraph on insecticides. 
Radishes planted late in spring, or during the summer, do not 
usually succeed well. We found, however, that by mulching the soil, 
after planting the seed, with a layer half an inch thick of grass, and 
watering the bed every evening when dry, until the plants were 
well up, a very good crop was the result. 
TuRNIP. 
Test of Varieties. 
We planted seed of fifty so-called varieties of turnip in the gar- 
den July 24, in rows ten feet long and three and one-half feet 
apart, one row of each variety. The plants were thinned when of 
* proper size to about four inches apart in the row. Owing to a se- 
vere drought in August, the plants: made very little growth until 
September. 
We note the time when the varieties were fit for the table, the 
number of roots harvested in each, and the average weight of the 
roots. ; 
