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white or purple pods short, straight, rarely containing more than two 
beans. The cotyledons after vegetation develop into leaves. 
The varieties of the ordinary Garden or Kidney bean are so numer- 
ous as to make the advantages of some system of classification very 
apparent. ‘The characters which seem to us to be of most use in 
forming such a classification are those obtained from the variation in 
size, shape and color of the ripe seed. This is a basis of the classifi- 
cation made by Martens in Germany,* which we have to some extent 
followed, The color of the edible pods and the presence or absence of 
a climbing habit are also of use in separating varieties. We have been 
entirely unable to obtain. satisfactory characters from the leaves. 
While there is considerable variation in their size, form and color, 
such variations seem to be quite as likely to occur on the same plant 
or on different plants of the same variety, as upon different varieties. 
The flowers vary directly as the color of the beans; 7. e., white and 
light colored beans have white flowers; the darker beans have pur-. 
plish flowers, varying in intensity with the color of the beans. 
Tbe following classification seems*to hold tolerably well for the 
eighty-eight varieties we have grown, and we have founded the de- 
scriptions following upon it. 
Phaseolus vulgaris, L. — The Kidney bean. 
I. Seeds oblong, not more than twice as long as broad, flattened 
sidewise. 
(a.) Very strongly flattened, usually strongly kidney shape. 
* Seeds of uniform color. 
+ Seeds white, edible pods green. Four varieties: type, Case Knife. 
+ Seeds white, edible pods greenish yellow. One variety, Yellow 
Podded White Wax. 
tt+ Seeds black, edible pods green. One variety, Algiers. 
** Seeds variegated. Two varieties: type, Marshall. 
(0.) Seeds strongly flattened, not kidney shaped. ‘I'wo varieties: 
type, ‘Transylvanian Butter. 
(c.) Seeds moderately flattened, slightly or not at all kidney shape. 
Four varieties: type, Turtle Soup. 
a Seeds oblong, at least twice as long as broad. 
(a.) Perceptibly flattened sidewise, often truncate at the ends. 
“* Seeds of uniform color. 
+ Edible pods green. Seven varieties: type, Canadian Wonder. 
t+ Edible pods yellow. ‘Two varieties: type, Flageolet Wax. 
** Seeds variegated. ive varieties: type, Early” Feejee. 
(b.) Seeds cylindrical or nearly so. 
* Seeds white or in one case marked about the eye. Four varieties: 
type, White Kidney. 
** Seeds of uniform color (not white). 
+ Edible pods green. Hight varieties, type, Long Yellow Six Weeks. 
tt Edible pods yellow. One variety, Golden Butter Wax. 
*** Seeds variegated. Six varieties, type, Refugee. 
III. Seeds oblong, never more than twice as long as broad,. often 
nearly spherical. 
(a.) Seeds distinctly oblong, usually with rounded ends. 

* Die Gartenbohnen. Ihre Verbreitung, Cultur und Benutzung, von Georg von Martens, ; 
Ravensburg, 1869, p. 24. 
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