No. 33.] 319 
sion, dissolving one-half gill of the emulsion in two gallons of 
water, using the solution in the manner just described for the Paris 
green. , | 
The application of the kerosene emulsion and the Paris green and 
water was repeated after every hard rain until September Ist. The 
corn cobs were dipped in coal tar, at intervals of about three weeks 
until the same date. The application of the copperas solution was 
not repeated. 
We made no attempt to remove any borers from the stems until 
after the fruit had been gathered. On September 29 we carefully 
examined every stem on seven rows, splitting the stems lengthwise, 
and counted the borers, or cavities whence they had escaped, with 
the following results; (we use the word cavity instead of borer, as in 
the majority of cases the maggot had left the stem at the time of 
our examination) : 
Hubbard Squash: 
On the row not treated we found ..............02 weceee ..... 25 borer cavities. 
On the row treated with copperas solution we found .......... 21 borer cavities. 
On the row treated with Paris green and water we found...... 8 borer cavities. 
On the row treated with corn cobs dipped in coal tar we found. 8 borer cavities, 
Perfect Gem: 
On the row treated with kerosene emulsion we found......... 2 borer cavities. 
On the row not treated we found...... pet 2a bea Bee d yeas bah eke 8 borer cavities. 
On a second row not treated we found.............2.-0cccecen 7 borer cavities. 
The Perfect Gem squash is decidedly less liable to the attacks of 
the borer than the Hubbard, a fact that we have noted in previous 
years. The effects of the emulsion, therefore, are comparable 
only with the rows below which received no applications. It is to 
be remarked in the case of the Paris green and water, that every 
borer cavity was found at a greater distance from the base of the 
plant than where the mixture was applied. As the result of our 
previous observations, we had formed the conclusion that the borer 
is very rarely found at a greater distance than two feet from the base 
of the stem. We find, however, that this conclusion is fallacious, at 
least in the Hubbard squash. 
It appears that the Paris green and water, the cobs dipped in coal 
tar and the kerosene emulsion-were all beneficial in hindering the work 
of the borer. The row treated with the Paris green and water, 
however, lay next to the one in which the cobs were placed, and the 
moth may, therefore, have been repelled somewhat by the odor of 
the coal tar. 
The coal tar application is probably more permanent in its action 
than either the Paris green or the kerosene emulsion. We may assume, 
however, that it does not destroy the insects, but only repels them, 
while the other two probable act by poisoning the young maggot, as 
it eats its way into the stem. The use of coal tar is more conven- 
ient than that of the other applications, and if further experiments 
should prove it to be effectual, we shall have mastered one of the 
chief insect enemies with which the squash grower has to contend. 
