New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 21 
tles can be prevented by removing buttermilk as fully as possible 
from butter-granules before salting. 
Plant-food constitulents used by bearing fruit trees.—- 
The work described in Bulletin 265 was undertaken for 
the purpose of ascertaining the amounts of nitrogen, phosphoric 
acid, potash, lime and magnesia used in one growing season by 
well nratured, bearing fruit trees. Three standard varieties were 
studied of each of the following kinds of trees,—apple, peach, pear, 
plum and quince. The fruit, leaves and new growth of wood were 
carefully gathered, weighed and analyzed. Peach trees used the 
largest amounts of plant-food per acre, after which came in their 
order, apple, quince, pear and plum trees. The relative amounts 
of the different constituents used by the different trees did not 
vary greatly. 
DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY. 
The San José scale.—-Sulphur Washes ‘for Orchard Treat- 
ment.—The investigations of this Department for the year were 
largely to ascertain to what extent sulphur washes may be used 
in the place of the bordeaux-arsenical mixtures for orchard 
treatment. 
As the relative abundance of orchard diseases and insects is 
often determined by local conditions, the experiments were dis- 
tributed over a larger area than before that data regarding the 
fungicidal and insecticidal properties of these washes might be 
obtained upon as many orchard pests as possible. The orchards 
in which the experiments were conducted are situated on Long 
Island, near Riverhead; in the lower Hudson valley, near York- 
town; and in western New York at Geneva in Ontario County, 
near Carlton Station in Orleans County, and at Youngstown in 
Niagara County. The number of trees sprayed with the sulphur 
washes was 7,325, divided as follows: Prunes, 150; cherries, 348; 
plums, 1,359; peaches, 1,149; pears, 2,822, and apples, 1,497. 
In most of the orchards the applications efficiently controlled 
the scale, but no additional dat'a were obtained in these as to the 
combined fungicidal and insecticidal properties of the sulphur 
washes. But in Orchard IV in Ontario County results were ob- 
tained showing the effectiveness of these sprays for apple scab. 
One application of a sulphur wash reduced the scab by 22. per 
cent. A combined treatment, consisting of one application of a 
