New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 219 
withdrew it from them and that this withdrawal of the moisture 
was continuous with low temperatures and all-plants that are 
unable to withstand this desiccation, or drying out, must ulti- 
mately be killed. 
When the supply of moisture in the cells is large it is more 
readily withdrawn and the injury is greater. This explains why 
branches having an excessive amount of moisture are more read- 
ily injured or killed than those in which the moisture has been 
reduced by the branch ripening normally in the fall. 
TEMPERATURES. 
The desire to know just what minimum temperature is fatal to 
the various species of cultivated fruit trees has often been ex- 
pressed. But it is evident that such a thing cannot be deter- 
mined in any way to be of value for the reason that there are 
many factors other than the temperature that are highly impor- . 
tant in connection with the low temperature, such as age of the 
tree, variety, previous care and health, exposure and altitude of 
location, character of the soil, and climatic conditions and insect 
and fungus epidemics during the growing season preceding the 
dying. 
The difference in individual trees is very marked as was no- 
ticed in orchards of the same age and variety where all other 
conditions were as nearly parallel as could be determined, and 
trees that were killed stood adjacent to trees that were appar- 
ently uninjured. 
However a record of the minimum temperatures in some of the 
important fruit sections will be interesting as evidence of what 
some trees have withstood and lived—some to bear crops the 
same year. 
In the Hudson Valley the official records are as follows; the 
temperature in each case being the lowest recorded during the 
winter. Albany—24°; Athens, Greene Co.—20°; Greenwich, 
Washington Co.—28°; Honeymead Brook—28° and Wappingers 
Falls—34°, both in Dutchess Co. The following records have 
been reported, though not officially, for Ulster Co., Marlboro— 
28°; Milton—12° to—16° for high locations and—12° to—382° in 
hollows and valleys. In Orange Co., at Middle Hope—25° to 
—40°, Newburgh—26°, and Washingtonyville—42°. . 
