22:6 REPORT OF THE BOTANICAL DEPARTMENT OF THE 
ously injured, while the surrounding trees, on land but a few 
feet higher, were bearing fair crops of fruit. 
The explanation of this difference seems to be that the exces- 
sive amount of soil moisture in these places induced’ a late growth 
instead of the essential ripening of the wood. Further, this 
excessive moisture made the soil water-table high which tended 
to the development of shallow rooted trees,-as was noticed upon 
the removal of many trees from these low places. Such trees 
very naturally, suffered more from the low temperature than the > 
deeper rooted ones on dry or drained soil. 
The difference in susceptibility to winter injury of trees grow- 
ing on tile drained as compared with undrained land was seen in 
a peach orchard at Williamson. The trees were Elbertas, about 
ten years old and had always been under a high state of cultiva- 
tion. Ina part of the orchard the land was tile drained and in 
another part was undrained. The trees on the drained portion 
were not seriously injured and when examined the latter part of 
August were in a vigorous condition, while the trees on the 
undrained land were dead or practically ruined. 
Instances of serious damage done by wind were frequently 
observed. Trees on the western side of exposed peach orchards 
where the wind had an unobstructed sweep were often killed or 
severely injured, while others a short distance in the orchard 
were not seriously damaged. | 
In some orchards the dead or injured irees were noticed to be 
confined to certain portions which indicated that the wind had 
blown through these places more constantly and with greater 
force than. in other parts of the same orchard, as trees but a 
little distance away were not seriously damaged. Sometimes 
these injured portions would be an exposed corner or a more or 
less definitely marked path the width of several rows through the 
orchard. 
In the Hudson Valley fruit region wind damage was apparent 
in peach orchards on exposed western slopes or among trees on 
the western crest of a hill where the force of the wind was 
greatest and the snow blew off. 
DIFFERENCE IN VARIETY. 
The difference in the susceptibility of varieties to the injury 
usually appeared subordinate to such other factors as location, 
