298  RePoRT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
wormy apples upon the trees sprayed with arsenate of lead and 
9.0 per ct. wormy apples upon the trees sprayed with arsenite of 
soda as compared with 20.7 per ct. wormy apples from the 
checks. The applications of the sulphur washes had no appreci- 
able effect upon this insect. 
INTRODUCTION. 
The experiments upon the use of sulphur washes for orchard 
treatment were continued during the past season. The main 
object ef this investigation is, briefly, to ascertain the range of 
these sprays as combined insecticides and fungicides and to 
determine to what extent they may be employed in place of the 
bordeaux-arsenical mixtures. Attention was directed to this 
problem by reason of the growing use of the sulphur washes for 
the San José scale, which in addition to being efficient remedies 
for this pest, have proven to be of more or less value for other 
insects and certain plant diseases common to fruit trees. The 
plan for the spraying of the orchards is essentially the same as 
that followed in the work of the previous year. The exceptions 
that may be noted are that comparative tests were made of the 
lime-sulphur wash and the lime-sulphur-caustic soda wash for 
scale treatment, and of arsenate of lead and arsenite of soda for 
the codling moth and the plum curculio. 
OUTLINE OF THE EXPERIMENT. 
PLAN. 
Following the plan adopted last year, blocks of bearing apple, 
peach, pear and plum were divided into four sections, the vari- 
eties being distributed as evenly as possible. These sections were 
treated as follows: Section No. I, sprayed once with a sulphur 
wish; Section No. II, sprayed once with a sulphur wash before 
the opening of the buds and twice, after the dropping of the 
blossoms, with bordeaux mixture containing an arsenical poison; 
Section No. III, check, no treatment; Section No. IV, sprayed 
three times with a bordeaux-arsenical mixture,—once before the 
opening of the buds and twice after the dropping of the blossoms. 
Owing to the risk of injuring the foliage of the Japanese and 
native varieties of plums by the bordeaux-arsenical mixtures only 
