3818 Report oF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
higher than these figures. If the spraying had been timed two 
or three days earlier it is believed that the applications of the 
washes would have been much more effective upon the insects. 
Results on scale.-—The results obtained in this orchard were the 
most satisfactory of all the experiments. The applications of the 
sulphur washes checked the scale and for the most part preserved 
the fruit from blemishes by this insect. 
Results on scab.—The amount of scab on the different plots 
showed such slight variation that no assortment of the fruit was 
made in this respect. 
ORCHARD VIII. (NIAGARA CO.) APPLES AND PEARS, 
This orchard is situated near Youngstown. It consists of 2036 
pear trees principally Bartlett, Keitfer and Duchess, and 75 apple 
trees, principally of the varieties Baldwin and Rhode Island 
Greening. The pear trees vary in age from four to fourteen 
years and have received in every respect very careful attention. 
The scale has been present in the orchard three years and has 
been successfully controlled by whale-oil soap, crude petroleum 
and the sulphur washes. In 1903 the psylla was very abundant 
and caused quite extensive losses. The apple trees are about 
30 years of age and are variously infested with the scale. 
Conditions.—The trees were sprayed with the boiled lime-sul- 
phur wash and the bordeaux-arsenical mixture April 18-26. The 
weather during this period was as follows: April 18, bright and 
clear; April 19, snow all day; April 20, snow all day; April 
21, bright and warm; April 22, fair; April 28, fair; April 
24, fair with rain in the afternoon. The later applications of 
the bordeaux-arsenical mixture were made June 2 and 16. In 
the application of the sulphur sprays much pains was taken to 
have the trees completely covered with the wash. 
Results on pear psylla.—iIn the experiments with this species, 
1876 trees were selected for treatment while four rows of 40 trees 
each, immediately adjacent! on the west side, served as checks. 
The following excerpts from the field notes indicate the conditions 
of these trees throughout the summer with respect to this pest: 
April 14, adults were quite abundant under the loose bark and a 
few individuals were crawling about on last year’s growth of 
wood. April 18-26, during the applications of ‘the sulphur wash 
