New YorK AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 323 
treatment of apple trees for scale, scab and codling moth is one 
application of a sulphur wash during dormant season, followed 
with the usual second and third applications of the bordeaux- 
arsenical mixture. 
No opportunities have been afforded to test this system of 
spraying for the pear scab, but it is believed, that, as this disease 
is combated by the same remedies as the apple scab, the treat- 
ment outlined will control pear scab, scale, pear blister mite and 
the codling moth. 
Some carefully conducted experiments with the boiled lime- 
sulphur wash and the self-boiled lime-sulphur-caustic soda wash 
have shown that both washes have efficiently controlled the scale. 
Preference is given to the boiled lime-sulphur wash as it is 
cheaper and when prepared by average orchardists is more likely 
to be uniformly effective. But if it is impossible to have suitable 
outfits for the preparation of a wash by external heat then the 
self-boiled lime-sulphur-caustic soda wash is advised. Either of 
these washes, properly prepared and thoroughly applied, may be 
relied on to control the scale on peaches and plums, and on pears 
and apples of moderate size. The pressing problem in this State 
to-day is to control the scale upon large apple trees in as easy and 
satisfactory manner. This has been accomplished where moder- 
ate infestation has existed, but large apple trees, that have been 
neglected and are well encrusted with the scale, which is hidden 
in deep cracks in the bark or is protected by close clinging bark, 
are not easily restored to a satisfactory condition. Trees in 
this state should be judiciously headed in and their rough bark 
removed as far as is practicable before the applications are 
made. Two sprays are commonly recommended for the treat- 
ment of such trees, which are crude petroleum and sulphur wash. 
As many orchardists are unable to apply oil safely and as apple 
trees may be drenched with the sulphur washes without causing 
any injury aside from the loss of some of the fruit and leaf buds, 
the sulphur sprays are advised. [Experience in spraying trees in 
this badly infested condition suggests the wisdom of fruitgrowers 
keeping a sharp watch for the first appearance of the scale and 
of thoroughly spraying the trees thereafter as often as is neces- 
sary to keep the scale in control, 
