340 =Report oF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
one side while the other portion had an abundance of leaves and 
blossoms. Trees in this orchard which received applications of 
the sulphur washes were in a very satisfactory condition. The 
effects of the kerosene-lime mixture on scale, as would be de- 
termined by the extent of the spotting of the fruit, was not satis- ° 
factorily shown owing to an unusually small crop of apples which — 
was generally clean through the entire orchard. ; 
SUMMER TREATMENT. 
Orchard IX: Apples.—For this experiment an orchard was 
selected in Geneva which was very badly infested with the scale. 
The trees under observation were twelve Baldwins and Green- 
ings divided equally as regards variety and about 40 years old. 
In connection with the treatment for scale an experiment was 
conducted to determine the comparative merits of various grades 
of lime in the preparation and use of the kerosene-lime mix- 
tures. , 
CONDITIONS. - 
In the experiment the 10 per ct. oil mixture was used, being 
prepared with the grade and superfine Limoid, and the grade and 
superfine Marblehead lime. The mixtures were made in 50-gallon 
lots and each lot was applied separately. In order to ascertain, 
its condition after preparation and while being sprayed, samples 
were taken of each lot after emulsification and at equal intervals 
at the discharge from the nozzle. 
The wash was applied on June 11, at which time the foliage 
was heavy and the fruit of a good size. The weather during 
the day was hot with showers at intervals. The results are as 
follows: 
THE MIXTURES. 
Limoid, superfine.—Three 50-gallon lots were prepared by the 
common method. This lime formed a smooth paste with the oil, 
and after the addition of water and agitation by the pump a 
complete emulsion was apparently made. Fifteen samples taken 
in 1,000 c.c. cylinders from the three different lots showed the 
following results with respect to the relative proportions of lime- 
oil emulsion, free oil, water and lime in each container. At- 
tention is directed to the interesting fact that whitewash without 
the lime and oil emulsion was being sprayed on the trees at in- 
tervals during the application of lots 2 and 3 while in the ap- 
plication of lot 1 nearly one-half of the mixture was lime-oil 
emulsion. 
