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blight,” and ‘‘apple blight.” Fire blight occurs from June to September ; 
the sap turns brown and thick and oozes out with disagreeable odor; the 
branches turn black, as by fire. More destructive in pear than in the apple 
or quincs. Only rémedy is to early cut away, down to the sound wood, and 
burn. Twig blight atticks “young sioots of current season’s growth on 
apple, pear, quince, mountain ash, ete.” Cause not known, and injury not. 
great. Remedy in cuttlng. Apple blight is like the fire blight of the pear. 
(1872. ‘Taytor, THomas. (Washington, D.C.) Pear tree 
bight. Rep. U. 8. Dep. of Agric. for 1872, p. 188. [4 
pages. | 7 
Same in Rep. Mich. Pom. Soc. for 1872, p. 587. [6 
pages. | : 
Specious investigations on supposed connection of mold fungi with blight. 
Applications of sulphur, etc., thought to afford a remedy. 
1875. KrRTLAND, J. P. (Kast Rockport, O.) Letter to Prof. 
Brainerd. Rep. Ohio Agric. for 1875, p. 651. [134 page. | 
Commendation of Prof. Brainerd’s paper on pear blight. He remembered 
a severe epidemic in Hartford, Uonn., in 1812, by which many persons died 
suddenly, and which was coincident with an epidemic of blight. The belief 
prevailed that the two were due to the same cause. This belief was followed 
successively by the insect, frost and fungus theories, but he thinks Prof, Brain- 
erd’s explanation more plausible than any. He summarizes the best man- 
agement as follows: ‘‘The cultivator must take into consideration the true 
character and selection of the variety of the fruit, the soil, and its condition 
in relation to drainage and moisture, special manures, cultivation or non- 
cultivation of the ground, shading and protection from the sun and from a 
south and southwestern exposure, mulching, freeing the bodies from old 
and rough bark and washing annually with a solution of soda ash, correct 
pruning of the season’s growth in autumn, and pinching off the top of each 
limb before the formation of the terminal bud, late in June, and other items 
too numerous to mention.” 
1875. MEEHAN, THOMAS, and J. Gibbons Hunt. Pear 
blight. Gard. Monthly, vol. xvu, 1875, p. 245, [2 cols.]} 
Mr. Meehan’s opinion that the blight is due to fungi, is confirmed by the 
microscopical investigations of Dr. Hunt, who believes he has demonstrated 
the fungus that causes the disease, but does not, however, venture to 
name it. 
1877. CREED, Wm. (Rochester, N. Y.) A few hints on 
pear blight. Purdy’s Fruit Recorder for Nov., 1877. 
Calls it ‘‘a species of vegetable ferment.” First evidences of the disease 
are drops of sap on the surface of the branches, best seen in early morning. 
It follows ‘‘ heavy rains and blusterous winds, accompanied by high temper- 
ature during the day and low temperature at night.” This produces en- 
gorgement of sap, which bursts through at the weakest points. Fungi are 
secondary agents. Suggests analysis of healthy and diseased sap. 
1880. Burrini, T. J. (Urbana, Il.) Anthrax of fruit trees; 
or the so-called fire blight of pear, and twig blight of 
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