258 
in connection with other topics, and particularly by the ineffectual 
inoculation of green tomatoes with bacteria, taken from a rotting 
fruit, in which was only bacteria and fungous mycelium*, This 
fact is, indeed, the safeguard of all living things against annihila- 
tion by bacteria. 
Herein, it seems, lies the explanation of the preservative action 
of the Oidium on apples, if we can call it such: the bacteria not 
gaining access to the interior of the apple at the outstart, the fun- 
gus brings about changes, such as the removal of free sap and the 
production of sugar, and it may be other substances, which eventu- 
ally prove unfavorable to bacterial development, in an analogous 
way to that by which the housewife forms a preserve of fruit which 
is not readily attacked by bacteria. 
Such exclusion of bacteria from fruit attacked by fungi, cannot, 
from the nature of the case, be common enough to have in itself 
much economic importance, and we may turn at once to the more 
important problem of saving the fruit from the fungus and the bac- 
teria at the same time. It is evident this could be done with fair 
success if keeping the fruit dry were a feasible thing, for this would 
prevent the germination of the spores on its surface. Some control 
may be exercised over the abundance of the fungus, however, by 
removing and burning all dead fruit remaining on the tree after the 
crop isharvested, which can best be done when the leaves have fallen. 
Whenever practicable, hogs may be kept under the trees from flow- 
ering time until the fruit is gathered, to pick up dropping fruit, 
which otherwise becomes the medium for the production of spores to 
carry the rot to the fruit on the tree. By attending to these pre- 
cautions, the producer of cherries and plums, upon which this fun- 
us is the most destructive, will save many dollars annually. 
Those who desire to examine the literature of the subject must 
bear in mind that different authors treat of the fungus under differ- 
ent names, the most common of which are, beside the one given at 
the head of this article, Monilia fructigena Pers., Qospora fructigena 
Wallr. and Torula fructigena Pers. There is no well fixed vernacu- 
lar name. 
DISEASR OF CLOVER-LEAF WEEVIL. 
Entomophthora Phytonomi Arthur. 
In the latter part of May, great numbers of pale green larve, 
nearly an inch long, were found clinging to the grass and clover of 
the meadow, and apparently dying from the attack of some fungus. 
Soon after the first of June they could no longer be found. Again 
in October and November the same larvee appeared abundantly on 
the lawn, and attended with the sume fungous parasite. 
The insect has been identified by Prof. J. A. Lintner, tate Ento- 
mologist, as Phytonomus punctatus (Fabr.), the clover-leaf weevil. 
It is common in Europe, where it is not considered especially barm- 
ful. It was first. definitely recorded in this country by Rileyt in 1881, 
Rk Abed i PR a Aah celTAsh GR e eT OR awe 
Third An. Rep. N. Y. Agr. Exp. Station, p. 379; Amer. Nat., XIX, p. 
1185. 
+ Amer. Nat., XV, p. 751. 



