261 
of the spore. ‘These are summer or temporary spores, i. e. 
tain their vitality for 
only a short period. In 
several trials, spores 
which had lain upon 
glass in the room for 
five days, almost entire- 
ly failed to germinate. 
Probably out of doors 
they would last a little 
longer. The similar 47 
spores of the fly fungus 
are said to retain their Be 
germinative power for Fig. 10.—Spores of Ent. Phytonomi: M six fresh 

Z spores; N five spores trom a dried specimen; A 
two weeks. various stages of germination. Magnified 430 di- 
Fungi of this kind. ameters. Original. 
form resting spores inside the body of the insect, generally forming 
a light colored pulverulent mass. Resting spores of the fly fungus 
(EH. Muscz) are very rare; in a species infesting locusts* found in 
Iowa and Nebraska (E. Calopteni Bes. ), only the resting spore stage 
is known. Thus of most of the species so far recorded only one or 
the other stage is commonly met with. Different species of this ge- 
nus are found upon the cricket, cicada, mosquito, cut-worm, plant 
lice and cabbage worm.+ That on the cabbage worm, FE. spheero- 
sperma Fres., is much the most closely related to E. Phytonomi. It 
was first found in Germany in 1856,{ with only restin g@ spores ; in 
1869, the other stage of development was found by Brefeld, who 
named it EH. radicans from the notable holdfasts. He did not meet 
with the fungus again till 1875. He now cultivated it through a 
number of series, using a hundred and twenty healthy worms for 
each. These worms were infected by placing the summer spores 
upon them. Of the first series eighty-one took the disease, the oth- 
ers were killed by insect parasites or lost by changing to pupe. 
Sixty-two of the eighty-one died in a week with their bodies luxuri- 
antly covered with spores, the other nineteen showed few or no 
Spores, lived much longer, and finally dried up into mummies. 
Upon opening them they were found filled with a pulverulent mass 
of yellowish white spores—the resting spores. In the second series 
fifty produced summer spores, twenty-nine resting spores, and the 
remainder were lost. In the third series nine gave summer spores 
and thirty-eight resting spores ; inthe fourth twenty-nine gave sum- 
mer spores and fifty-four resting spores. The constantly increasing 
number of those producing resting spores ran parallel with obserya- 
tions out of doors, and the author is inclined to believe that earlier 
in the season (first of September) only summer spores are produced, 
and that finally there are only resting spores. § Although E. Phyto- 
nomi was observed till November 20, when cold weather set in, no 
mummied larvee were found and no resting spores ; no cultivations 
were made. 
The failure to discover the resting spores does not augur well for 

*Amer. Nat., 1883, p. 1280. +Cf. Winter, Krypt. Fl. v. Deutschl., I, p. 74. 
{ Berl. Botan. Zeit., 1856, p. 883. $ Schimmelpilze, IV, p. 100. 
