20 
The average amount of excrement voided by the animals 
during the above periods was 48 lbs. daily; the daily average 
for 110 days was 48.5 lbs. 
During the winter season, a stabled cow may be assumed 
to supply about 48 Ibs. x 30 days=1440 lbs. of manure per 
month. 
The dry matter in the food and the excremen# in the 
above periods, was: 
1883.—AVERAGE OF FOUR COWS. 1884.— AVERAGE OF TWO Cows. 
Dry food con- Excre- Dry food con- Excre- 
sumed. ment sumed. ment. 
21.2 57.1 18.7 51.1 
20.5 58.5 17.3 47.T 
18.8 43.4 20.1 40.8 
17.3 43.4 19.0 54.2 
9.6 29.6 17.3 63.3 
12.3 40.5 
17.7 47.1 
The average relation is, therefore, in 1883, the excrement 
2.7 times the weight of the dry food: in 1884, 2. 7 times 
the weight of the dry food “We may therefore assume 
that in practical feeding we cannot be far wrong 
when we estimate that the excrement amounts to about two 
and a half times the weight of hay and grain fed. 
HOW MUCH WATER DOES A COW DRINK. 
This question has an interest in relation to water supply. 
There is, however, a great individuality as between differ- 
ent animals in regard to the water they drink, and the 
amount is somewhat influenced by temperature. Thus 
December 11 to 26 inclusive, 1885, four cows drank daily, ~ 
for an average, as below, the food being the same: 
Average live Daily water Maxima and minima days. 
weight drank. 
ibs. ibs. lbs. lbs. 
y Ns ee SC a 128. Garauty. we ae 144.7 . 5.2. Gee 101. 
peeee - 60a . O08 .. ieee ORG sk ven Joe 104.0. 2/5 5.08 61.6 
Af Sey oo MS eee. A Pe EE 107.0... eee 59.2 
er eee 008 2 Vee (5 ee ee ee = 04:9 .5-. Uy eee ee 70.9 
The amount of aoe drank is diminished with succulent 
food, as for illustration. Two cows, Jem and Meg, drank 
for a daily average : 
Period. Ration. Water drank : Ibs. 
Jem. - Meg. 
Nov. 9-24 Hay and 4 Ibs. meal. ; 70.6 62.6 
Nov. 25—-Dec. 10 Hay and 40 lbs. turnips. 53.0 46.2 
The same cows do not drink the same quantity during 
different periods under like feeding. Thus Ann and Emm 
fed on +lbs. meal and hay ad libitum, drank the following 
amounts for a daily average : 

