90 
spikelets per panicle average 20 ; grains per spikelet 2 to 5, 
average 3, often 4. 
D. M. Ferry & Co., Detroit, Mich., claim! to have intro- 
duced this variety in 1879. 
51. ZIMMERMAN, O. E. 8. 
Synonyms: Rice, O. E.S.; Harly Rice, Pat. Bros.; Scott, 
MG 0 FEE 
Spring growth rather decumbent and weakly: Straw whitish-yellow : 
Culms erect and stout as a rule: Panicles beardless, white, glabrous, ranging 
from compact to loose, flattish, slightly tapering: Grains dark amber, 
medium to large, fairly plump or slightly shrunken: Thrashes medium well 
from glume. 
Culm: average height 3 feet 4 inches; diameter 1-8 to 1-4 
inch, average 1-6. ‘ 
Leaves: per culm 4; length 4 1-2 to 111-2 inches, average 
8; width of upper leaf 1-4 to 11-16 inch, average 3-8 inch; 
- lower 1-8 to 5-16 inch, average 3-16. : 
Panicle: average length 3 1-2 + inches; thickness 5-16 to 
1-2 inch, average 3-8; breadth 1-2 to 11-16 mch, average 5-8; 
spikelets per panicle 11 to 20, average 17; grains per spike- 
let 2 to 4, average 3; one thousand weigh 701 grains. 
This is an old variety first grown in America in the 
Eastern States, where it was looked upon with favor. 
Probably introduced from Europe not far from and prior 
to 1850.? 
TRITICUM DURUM, pzsr. 
This is what is termed ‘‘hard wheat.” This species dif- 
fers markedly from satévwm in several respects. The straw 
is long and slender, is filled with a pith, and in consequence 
is quite hard. The plant tillers to but a slight extent. The 
panicles are all square and bearded. The grain is so hard 
that it is difficult to mill and averages larger than with 
common wheat. Heuzé* says that its flour, which is 
always yellowish, is used in making vermicella, semoules, 
Italian pastry and excellent bread. This wheat is grown 
mostly in Europe and Africa, on the islands of the Mediter- 
ranean, in the countries of Southern Spain, Greece, Turkey, 
Southern Russia, Syria, Egypt and Algiers. It has been 
grown some in the United States, but to no great extent, 
not being adapted to our northern wheat belt. 
1D. M. Ferry & Co.’s Catalogue, 1883, p. 69. 
2U. 8. Patent Office Report, Agriculture, 1851, p. 298. 
3Les Plantes Alimentaires, 1872 t. 1, p. 111. 
