i, 
New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION.’ 4] 
milk, timothy hay, red clover hay, corn meal, wheat bran and 
cotton-seed meal. There are the same amounts of each of the 
foods, two pounds, three ounces (1,000 grams). 
Please observe the difference in bulk or space occupied by the 
several foods. 
Notice the large amount of water contained in green corn, 
mangolds and milk. Observe that milk contains less water than 
mangolds. It would hardly seem possible that milk should have 
less water than roots or green grass and corn, yet such is the case. 
A half hour spent at this exhibit together with reading this 
description should enable one to understand what is meant by 
albuminoids, nitrogen-free extract, etc. Bearing these illustra- 
tions in mind, the terms used in Bulletins, agricultur al papers and 
at farmers’ institutes will be plain. 
Wauat THE TERMS Manan. 
Water. — The amount of water in foods varies and while it is no 
_ different than water from other sources, yet its natural presence 
in the food, unmistakably renders the food more palatable, easily 
digested and readily assimilated. . 
| Ash or Mineral Matter. — This, consists of the phosphates, lime, 
postash, iron, magnesia, etc., and is used to build up the bony 
frame work,of the body, ete. 
- Albuminoids. —'These are the nitrogenous portions of food, also 
. called protein. The dried white of an egg is almost pure albumen. 
Lean meats and casein in milk are good examples, also gluten — 
the gummy portion —from wheat. The albuminoids of food are 
used by the animal to build muscle — (lean meat) and for the 
casein of milk. For butter production albuminoids serve a most 
important purpose in foods for cows. Probably no mistake is 
more common in cattle-feeding than the giving of too small quan- 
tity of albuminoids to milch cows for greatest quantity of butter. 
In the exhibit of foods observe the amount of albuminoids in 
cotton-seed meal as compared with corn meal. | 
Nitrogen-free Extract consists of sugar, starch, gums, etc. Car- 
bohydrates mean the same thing as nitrogen-free extract. Compare 
the difference in amount of nitrogen-free extract in corn meal and 
~ eotton-seed meal. Corn meal has the most of this starchy matter 
of any food generally used. The nitrogen-free extract or carbo- 
hydrates are used by the animal to produce muscular force, hea 
_ to keep the animal warm and for building up body fat. 
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