Interests of economy. © 
New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 11 
We may regard the food as providing the heat necessary to. 
maintain the temperature of the body and it is obvious that if 
provision is made that the care‘of and the surroundings of the 
animal are such that no unnecessary demand be made for such 
purpose, it must result in a saving to the farmer. The most 
prominent methods of economy in this regard, are in providing 
comfortable winter quarters and warm water for drink, but in 
regard to this last arises the question of extra cost in heating 
the water, as also the effect upon the animal of furnishing warm 
water for drink. 
It seems safe to say that there is economy in making such pro- 
Vision in this particular that cattle shall be provided with a supply 
of water during winter at a temperature not much below that of. 
their winter quarters and that these latter should be such as to be 
entirely comfortable to both man and beast. 
In addition to this demand for food to maintain animal heat, 
there is also required a large amount to provide the necessary 
muscular force needed in the internal economy of jliving, as also 
that manifested in outward and visible effort, as of a working 
horse or ox. But muscular exercise of any sort makes ultimately 
a demand upon the food for its continuance, and itis a well- 
known fact, which the feeding experiments elsewhere detailed 
fully corroborate, that any cause which results in increased effort 
upon the part of the animal also produces its effect upon the 
quantity of food consumed. For example, it will be seen that 
while during the warm months of summer and autumn the food 
needed for sustaining animal heat was at a minimum, and while 
the food eaten and digested was practically constant, the effect of 
food as resulting in increase of weight of our young animals was 
subject to very marked differences in the case of every animal fed, 
and amounting in many cases to fully double the quantity at one 
period over that required at another. 
It would appear that this marked difference arose mainly, if not 
entirely, from the annoyance to which the animals were subjected 
and their consequent restlessness during that Bor non: of the 
season when the flies were most troublesome. 
It is obvious therefore that any precaution which may be taken 
to diminish such annoyance by keeping the animals during the 
hotter part of the day in cool and darkened stables, is in the 
