New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 259 
dead at the time time of spraying. These trees were killed by 
the undiluted petroleum (Table V.). The trees sprayed twice 
(Table VII), with 60 per ct. and undiluted petroleum were 
killed or seriously injured in every case. But those receiving 
the weaker emulsions, 25 and 40 per ct., were uninjured in- 
dicating that pear trées may be sprayed twice, once during the 
winter and once during the early spring with a petroleum emul- 
sion strong enough (40 per ct.) to kill the scale without being 
injured. 
ORCHARD III: APPLES. 
This orchard consists of thirty-two Baldwin apple trees in full 
bearing. All were infested but none sufficiently to be seriously 
weakened. They have been well cared for and, except for the 
scale, are in good condition. 
The experiments were undertaken principally to ascertain 
whether large trees moderately infested with the scale could be 
satisfactorily treated with crude petroleum. The trees were 
too large to make thorough spraying practicable without severe 
pruning. ‘They were therefore cut back severely in October and 
finally sprayed, with the results shown in Tables VIII and IX. 
Weather during tests in Table VIII.—Winter treatment. Trees 
sprayed Dec. 20 to 22. Average temperature of the three days 
oo°. 
TABLE VIII.—WINTER SPRAYING IN ORCHARD ITI, 


Trees. Strength 
rm ode ee ae ee Ee ee ee ne ot 
Number petio- 
Kind. treated Degree of infestation. leum. Results. 
Per ct. 
APPLE: La is gee) Ss} E 
Baldwin ..... 8 1 Extensively, 8 mod- 25 Scales not affected. 
erately and 4 slight- Trees uninjured, 
ly infested. 
Baldwin ..... 8 1 Extensively, 2 mod- 40 Scales dead, except 
erately and 5 slight- on some of the 
ly infested. small branches 
where many live 
ones were found. 
5 trees dead, re- 
mainder seriously 
injured. 
