674 REPORT OF THE HoRTICULTURIST OF THE 
a russet appearance on the fruit.” This caution accompanies the 
recommendation of a dilute mixture formed by using one pound 
of copper sulphate to make 124 gallons of the mixture. The 
experience of the past season at Geneva, 1894, shows that injury 
to foliage and fruit may follow early as well as late applications 
of Bordeaux mixture. 
Jones,” in 1894, found that strong Bordeaux mixture, 1 to 23 
formula® in some cases seriously injured apple leaves after four . 
applications. 
One of the apple orchards at this Station was sprayed in 1894 
with Bordeaux mixture before the blossoms opened, beginning 
April 27; again with Bordeaux mixture and London purple after 
the blossoms had fallen, beginning May 17; and athird time with 
Bordeaux mixture and London purple beginning June 9. More 
than two weeks elapsed after the second treatment was begun 
before it could be completed, the rain preventing the progress of 
the work. June 4 it was noticed that the foliage of the sprayed 
trees was in many cases spotted showing the injurious effects of 
the spray, but the young fruit was so thickly covered with pubes- 
cence that no injurious effects were there apparent. Later in the 
season many varieties of fruit showed injury quite similar to that 
described as occurring on the pears, and all gradations were 
observed from the slightest discoloration of the skin to the serious 
deformity of the fruit. The degree of injury varied with the 
different varieties. Some were injured slightly or not at all; 
others were seriously injured. In a few instances the fruit was 
hurt in appearance and shape by the spray more than it would 
have been by the scab. For this reason when a period of excess- 
ive rain occurs, with varieties which are named in the following 
list as injured very badly or badly this season, it would be better — 
to cease spraying entirely after the second treatment because it 
would be preferable to take the chances of injury to the fruit 
from the scab rather than to risk injuring the fruit by the spray. 
When the fruit was gathered the injury in the worst cases 
appeared as brown corky scars in the places where the skin had 
been killed by the spray and sometimes large scars prevented the 
symmetrical «xpansion or growth of the fruit and warty, one- 
sided or otherwise misshapen fruit was the result. See PlatelV, 
figures 7 and 8. - 


27 Jones, L. R., Bulletin 28 1892, Vt. Experiment Station, p. 32. 28 See note, page 619. 

