690 Report oF THE HORTICULTURIST OF THE 
over the shoulders. They are furnished with force pumps that 
have a large air chamber, making the discharge constant. In 
the later patterns the pump handle is so arranged that it can be 
adjusted to work over either shoulder, so that the pumping may 
be done by either hand. 
In purchasing a knapsack care should be taken to select one in 
which the discharge pipe enters the tank at the top. If it enters 
at the bottom it invariably becomes clogged in a short time where 
heavy mixtures are used, so that it is a constant source of annoy- 
ance. If the valves are furnished with rubber balls they should 
be replaced with marbles when spraying kerosene emulsion, as 
the kerosene causes the rubber to swell so that it clogs the orifice. 
When furnished with a Vermorel nozzle the knapsack is a very 
efficient sprayer. They can be obtained of most dealers in 
spraying apparatus at a price ranging from $10 to $15. 
PowER SPEAYERS. 
The Schanck Sprayer. 
This machine is manufactured by S. Shangle & Son, of 
Hightstown, N. J. List price, $50. For illustration, see fig. 10. 
lt consists of a light barrel, holding 45 gallons, mounted on a 
one-horse cart. The axle turns with the wheels, and by a cog- 
wheel arrangement a disk is made to revolve rapidly at the end 
of a short shaft projecting from the center a short distance back 
of the machine. The disk is adjustable, as shown in the cut, so 
it can be raised'and lowered as may be required on account of 
the wind, or to suit the height of the plants. It is made of 
sheet-iron nine inches in diameter; four narrow strips of the 
same material, fastened at right angles to its face, divide the 
disk into eight equal parts, and help to break the liquid into 
spray. Around its edge is a rim of copper gauze. The liquid is 
conveyed from the bottom of the barrel through a small hose, 
which terminates opposite the face of the disk in a nozzle. The 
nozzle consists of a brass T, punctured with six small holes. The 
force of gravity causes the liquid to flow out through the nozzle 
against the rapidly revolving disk, where it is thrown outward 
by centrifugal force through the gauze in the form of spray. 
An agitator is made to revolve inside the barrel by means of 
sprocket wheels attached to the right side of the machine. The 
