New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 703 
readily whenever he chooses to do so. To the other extremity 
of the bamboo extension the nozzle is attached. The extensions 
are usually from six to eight feet long so that when the operator 
stands in a wagon he can with the Vermorel nozzle satisfactorily 
spray branches from 15 to 20 feet from the ground. 
Instead of the bamboo, three-eighths inch gas pipe with a 
nozzle and the proper couplings may be used, or the hose may be 
fastened to a pole and thus the nozzle can be lifted up among the 
branches of tall trees, but where large orchards are to be treated 
it is best to use the bamboo extensions. Spraying is hard work 
even with the best of appliances and the use of clumsy apparatus 
will not be economical in large orchards. 
SUMMARY. 
1. Spraying pays when intelligently done. 
2. Great improvements have been made in spraying machinery 
in recent years, but better machines are needed. 
3. For potatoes and tomatoes a nozzle is needed that can be 
lowered between the rows and directed so as to spray up through 
the vines. 
4, The knapsack sprayer is almost indispensable. 
5. For extensive growers a sprayer of large capacity is 
necessary. 
6. Pumps used for spraying should either be made entirely of 
brass or be brass lined. 
7. In pumps that have a packed piston-head the packing should 
be frequently changed. 
8. Hand-pumps should be constructed soas to admit of the use 
of the weight of the body on the handle when working them. 
9. Rotary and semi-rotary pumps do good work while in repair. 
10. In any sprayer the suction-pipe should enter the tank at 
the top. 
11. Spray is more intelligently applied with Vermorel nozzles 
than with disk machines. 
12. The form of Vermorel nozzle illustrated in Plate VI does 
the best work. 
13. The agitator is one of the most important parts of a Purey er, 
but as usually made is very unsatisfactory. 
1t. The best form of agitators work up and down in an upright 
tank like a churn-dash. 
