New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. q17 
by the powder, they were quiet again in an hour. The 
day was warm and bright, with little or no breeze to blow the 
powder away. Two days later the same spot was visited and, 
as was expected, the bugs appeared to be undisturbed. 
A similar section was sprayed with kerosene emulsion. The 
emulsion was made by dissolving a bar of hard soap (about three- 
fourths of a pound*) in a gallon of boiling water. As soon as. 
the soap was thoroughly dissolved the solution was removed from 
the fire and, while hot, two gallons of kerosene oil added. The 
mixture was then violently agitated by pumping through a small 
force pump back into itself. This was continued for about five 
minutes, when the mixture assumed a thick creamy consistency. 
This is called the standard emulsion, and may be diluted at once 
with cold water or set away in a cool place. It will keep for 
some time, becoming thick and of the appearance of thick milk. 
When in this condition it should be heated before being diluted. 
This standard emulsion was diluted with four parts of water and 
the mixture applied in a fine spray by means of a knapsack 
sprayer and Vermorel nozzle. The young bugs succumbed 
almost immediately, those half grown not until some time later, 
and the mature bugs were apparently not affected. In half an 
hour, however, nearly all the insects that the spray had touched 
were (lead. The vines did not appear to be injured until several 
days later, when they were again visited just after a heavy rain 
-and were found to be much wilted. Another application of the 
emulsion, diluted with six parts of water, destroyed the young 
bugs only. And it was found at another time that the emulsion, 
diluted with nine parts of water, was fatal to young bugs, but. 
seldom affected the adults. 
The bisulphide of carbon and kerosene emulsion remedies. 
would hardly be practical, except in certain cases, and the pyre- 
thum powder not at all. The bisulphide of carbon could be 
applied in the spring when the young vines are being attacked by 
the newly hatched insects. Any tight covering sufficiently large 
to cover the vines should be placed over the hill, and a very little 
bisulphide in a shallow dish placed under it and allowed to remain 
for an hour or two. It is hoped that some experiments of this kind. 
may be tried inthespring. Kerosene emulsion applied in a spray 
* One-half pound of soap to a gallon of water is usually considered sufficient. 
