Reprort of Entomorogist or EXpPerImENtT STATION. 738 
it was found necessary to stop at each tree in order to do the 
work thoroughly. At Geneva a Clock pump and Vermorell 
nozzles were used. 
Number of applications. — Up to the time of writing, but one 
application of each strength has been made. 
Cost of material and amount used. — In figuring the cost of the 
emulsion, kerosene oil was valued at 6.6 cents per gallon (the 
price paid for it by the barrel at Hector) and soap at 4 cents 
apound. The cost of labor is not included. The great variation 
in the amount of emulsion used per tree is due, in part, to the 
size of the trees, but largely to the force of the wind. 
Experiments. — Experiment i. November 16, 1894, in Max- 
well Brothers’ orchard at Geneva, N. Y., 67 *11-year-old plum 
trees were sprayed with 444 gallons of kerosene emulsion diluted 
to one part of the emulsion to four parts of water. Only a light 
breeze was blowing, and hence but comparatively little of the 
emulsion was wasted. Cost per tree (for the emulsion only), 
.006 cent. In this and the following experiments the trees were 
drenched with the emulsion from the top to the ground. 
Experiment 2. November 17, 1894, in Maxwell Brothers’ 
orchard, 55 trees were sprayed with kerosene emulsion at a 
strength of one part of the emulsion to six parts of water. A 
strong northwest wind was blowing, and hence much of the 
emulsion was wasted. Cost per tree, .007 cent. 
Experiment 3. November 19, 1894, in Maxwell Brothers’ 
orchard, 45 trees were sprayed with kerosene and milk emulsion 
at a strength of one part of the emulsion to six parts of water. 
This was a very cold and windy day. The emulsion froze upon 
the trees almost immediately ; much of it was wasted. The cost 
was not figured in this experiment. 
The following experiments were conducted in the orchard of 
T. Smith & Sons, at Hector, N. Y. 
Experiment 4. November 22,1894, 69 trees weresprayed with 
125 gallons of kerosene emulsion at a strength of one part of the 
emulsion to six parts of water. Weather mild with but little 
wind. Cost per tree, .0135 cent. 
Experiment 5. November 22, 1894, 69 trees were sprayed with 
125 gallons of emulsion diluted with nine parts of water to one 
*All the trees sprayed in this orchard were 11 year-cld trees. 
