738 Report oF THE ENTOMCLOGIST OF THE 
given. (Figs. 1,2, Plate I.) Without exception this is the worst 
cabbage pest that market gardeners have to contend with. As 
is pretty well known, it was introduced into this country from 
Europe about 1857, and, like most of our foreign insects, increased 
very rapidly for a few years. This rapid increase was probably 
due, partially at least, to the fact that its native enemies were not 
imported with it; but as it crowded the American cabbage butter- 
fly to the wall, the enemies of the latter attacked it. In sections of 
the country where only one crop of cabbage is raised in a year, 
the parasites keep its numbers reduced so that it is not consid- 
ered a serious pest. In sections where two or three crops of cab- 
bage are raised every year it is still a formidable pest. Observa- 
tions on Long Island tne past fall have shown, however, that not 
more than one-tenth of the larve of the last broods reached 
maturity. Their numbers were not only reduced by parasitic 
enemies, but by a disease. 
Three broods a year of this insect are reported as far north as 
Vermont and Massachusetts. There are at least four broods on 
Long Island, if not five,in a year. The eggs and larvee have 
been found as lateas November 19. 
The damage, as estimated by a writer for the American Agri- 
culturist in 1870, was $1,000,000 in the vicinity of New York 
city. Although this was a rough estimate, it must be as much as 
that at the present date. 
Life-history. The egg which is shown at Fig. 1, Plate I, is 
deposited on the early cabbage and on mustard. The larva 
hatches from the egg in about six days. The first act, according 
to Dr, Fitch, is to devour the egg shell. It next spins for itself a 
silken: mat or web to which it can cling while feeding. These 
webs can be seen easier than the caterpillars as they glisten. 
Remedies should be applied at once. After feeding about 10 
days and molting three times the larve crawl to any dry rubbish 
or fence where they can change to pupe. They remain in the 
pupa stage about 12 days when the case splits along the back 
and the butterfly issues. The last brood is supposed to pass the 
winter in the pupa state, but from the number of young butter- 
flies seen pairing as late as November 10, it seems more than 
probable that these females will hide away in rubbish and survive 
the winter. the same as a number of our native butterflies do. — 
