222 Report oF THE HorTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT OF THE 
ACCOUNTS OF BORDEAUX INJURY. 
karly experimenters with bordeaux mixture in this country 
reported injury from its use upon the apple, and almost all sub- 
sequent workers in the field of experimentation have noted it, 
though no one seems to have given it careful attention in America. 
It is not necessary, and I shall not attempt, to give all of the 
references to bordeaux injury to be found in spraying literature; 
the following from American authorities are those which seem - 
of special interest from one standpoint or another: 
In 1889 Weed? states that experiments have shown that, “it 
is not safe to use bordeaux mixture against apple scab since it 
injures the apples.” Jones? found in 1892 that strong bordeaux 
mixture, “in some cases injured the leaves of the trees (apple) 
seriously.” Green* in 1893, says, speaking of bordeaux mixture, 
‘it sometimes causes a russet appearance of the fruit if applied 
too late.” By far the fullest description of bordeaux injury until 
1894, was given by Beach.® He describes the injury on apples 
and pears, discusses causes of it and gives lists of apples and pears 
susceptible to the injury. In 1894 Lodeman® also discusses 
bordeaux injury on apples and pears and gives an account of the 
microscopic appearance of injured and healthy portions of a Bald- 
win apple. Jones™ again records spray injury. The following 
year Lodeman writes upon the subject at some length in several 
*publications and recommends an excess of lime as a means 
of lessening the injury. Under the head of “ Spotting and Drop- 
ping of Apple Leaves Caused by Spraying,’ Stewart and Eustace® 
give the fullest account of bordeaux injury on foliage up to the 
time of their writing in 1902. Von Schrenk® in writing of spray- 
ing for the bitter-rot of apples in 1903 says, “the early spraying 
resulted in a severe rusting of the fruit during one year.” Scott’? 
in 1906 gives an account of the injurious effects of spraying with 
bordeaux mixture to control bitter-rot. He recommends the use 
of less copper sulphate and more lime. 
2 Weed (62, p. 188). 
3 Jones (30, p. 32). 
4Green (26, p. 10). 
5 Beach (9, pp. 20-33). 
6 Lodeman (35). 
7 Jones (31). 
8 Stewart and Eustace (58). 
9 Von Schrenk (62). 
10 Scott (52). 
