New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 223 
A complete bibliography would require many references to Euro- 
pean literature and especially to the works of several Germans 
who seemingly noted and described bordeaux injury long before 
and much more fully than experimenters in this country. Refer- 
ences are given as this discussion proceeds to such foreign literature 
on the subject as has been available to the writer. 
OCCURRENCE OF BORDEAUX INJURY. 
GEOGRAPHICAL OCCURRENCE. 
So far as the writer can learn, injury occurs in some degree 
wherever bordeaux mixture is used upon the apple. It is lessened, 
but not entirely prevented, by climatic conditions. Correspondence 
has brought out the fact that it is found in all apple-growing 
sections of North America, Europe, Australia, Tasmania and New 
‘Zealand. The following letters, published in considerable num- 
bers, are but a few of those received reporting the injury.* The 
letters chosen for publication are those which bring out some 
special phase of the subject; as, geographical occurrence, severity 
of the injury, descriptive peculiarities, and in short all statements 
that will in any way illuminate the subject. 
The following are from New York apple growers: 
“Nearly one-half the foliage of my ten-acre Baldwin orchard dropped 
through spray injury the past season. JI had the same trouble last year. 
Formula used was 5 pounds of lime, 5 pounds of copper sulphate, 2 pounds 
of arsenate of lead and 50 gallons of water. Spraying has done more harm 
than good for me the past season. Warm, cloudy weather and frequent rains 
favored the production of the injury.’”—W. D. Aucuter, Barnard. 
The above orchard is controlled by this Station and was sprayed 
under its direction. 
% 1 
“This season I have lost about one-half the foliage on a ten-year-old apple 
orchard. Have suffered in the same way two or three times before, but never 
so much as this year. I used 18 pounds of copper sulphate, about 12 pounds 
of lime and 2 pounds of green arsenoid to 150 gallons of water. I used the 
ferrocyanide test for the bordeaux. Spraying has done more harm than 
good to my apples the past season. The varieties injured were Winesap and 
Yellow Newtown.”— E. W. Barns, Middlehope. 
“T have had spray injury the past season. I think my crop was lessened 
about 100 barrels because of the injury. There was no apparent injury to 
the foliage or fruit till the heavy rains began. The formula used was Io 
pounds of copper sulphate to 135 gallons of water, with lime enough to 
i 
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* See acknowledgments, p. 281. 
