New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. | 225 
through spray injury. The formula used is, 12 pounds of copper sulphate 
with lime enough to correct the acid in accordance with the ferrocyanide 
test and three-fourths of a pound of paris green to 150 gallons of water. 
We can see very clearly that the spotting of the leaf and the russeting of 
the fruit were due to our spraying. We have never been able to spray in 
such a manner as to do no injury in some places and yet get on enough 
of the spray mixture to protect the fruit and foliage;— especially in wet 
seasons, which seem to favor such injury.’—C. M. HookEr ANp Sons, 
Rochester. 
“We have had serious spray injury in one orchard of Newtown Pippins. 
In this orchard I lost fully half the foliage. I use 6 pounds of copper 
sulphate and 6 pounds of new process lime to 50 gallons of water, the 
ingredients mixed in fully diluted solutions. To the above I add from one- 
third to one-half pound of paris green. In answer to your question as to 
whether spraying has done more harm than good the past season, emphati- 
cally, yes. I have used the same material and the same formula for fifteen 
years and J have never had any injury before. The season with us has been 
the driest in my recollection. The Newtown Pippins suffered most but all 
varieties have been injured. I could not believe that spraying caused the 
trouble at first but five or six trees on a very steep hillside that were not 
sprayed did not show the injury.”— Henry D. Lewis, Annandale. 
This is the most serious case of injury reported as having oc- 
curred in a dry season. 
“Rhode Island Greenings and some other varieties were badly russeted 
the past season (1905). I used 7 pounds of copper sulphate and from 12 
to 14 pounds of lime and one-half pound of paris green for 100 gallons of 
water. During the past four years I have had considerable spray injury. 
In 1902 all of my fruit was russeted and some of it was cracked open. I 
believe that many hundreds of barrels were destroyed by the spray injury. 
The mixture contained 10 pounds of copper to Ico gallons of water and 
the ferrocyanide test was used. In 1903 I took more care in making and 
applying the bordeaux but still had much damage. In 1904 I further re- 
duced the amount of copper sulphate and yet had considerable injury. In 
1905 I greatly increased the amount of lime and was very cautious in mak- 
ing applications but the injury continued though it was not as serious as 
before. During these four years I have used a power sprayer. Previously 
I used a hand pump and without serious injury during the ten preceding 
years. I believe the copper sulphate causes the injury. I am inclined to 
think also that spraying under high pressure, which causes a very fine spray, 
and thereby gives a larger amount of material which adheres on the fruit, 
is also a cause of the difficulty. I have never observed similar injury in 
unsprayed orchards and I have driven many miles in looking this matter up. 
I am convinced that such injury is to be found only in sprayed orchards. 
The varieties most susceptible to spray injury, according to my experience, are 
Rhode Island Greening, McIntosh, Boiken and Twenty Ounce.”— W. T. 
Mann, Barker. 
This letter deserves especial attention as it gives a series of 
- experiences all of which throw light on bordeaux injury. 
8 
