New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. © 231 
“There was some injury in most of the orchards visited by me in Nebraska 
this year. The injury was by no means as serious, however, this year as the 
year before. During the past year the Nebraska Experiment Station, in 
co-operation with United States Department of Agriculture, made demon- 
strations in six orchards in southeastern Nebraska. In some of these the 
fruit was russeted very slightly, and in several of them the leaves were 
burned. In case of the Missouri Pippin apple in one or two of the orchards 
the leaves were injured so much that many of them fell by mid-summer. 
In no case was the injury permanent, and in most cases the foliage of the 
sprayed trees was decidedly better in the late summer and fall than was the 
case with the unsprayed trees. 
“TI began an experiment on a very small scale to test the effect of dif- 
ferent strengths of bordeaux on the russeting of the fruit, using the Jona- 
than apple for the test. The trees sprayed with 4-4-50 bordeaux showed 
great injury, many of the fruits being deformed and most of them being 
russeted. The 4-6-50 bordeaux gave some injury, as did also 3-4-50 bor- 
deaux, but the injury was by ‘no means as serious as in the case of the 4-4-50 
mixture. A tree sprayed with 3-6-50 bordeaux showed some injury, though 
the crop as a whole was almost free from the russet. The peculiar thing 
about this is, that even with this 3-6-50 mixture a few apples were injured 
almost as seriously as any of the fruits sprayed with 4-4-50. This, together 
with some observations made in orchards, leads me to believe that the quan- 
tity of spraying material applied at any one time may have something to do 
with the injury. While I am not certain of this, yet my observations would 
indicate that where a tree or any part of a tree receives an overdose of 
bordeaux the apples are apt to be injured.”— R. A. Emerson, Horticulturist, 
Nebraska Station, Lincoln, Neb. 
“There was very little spraying in the orchards of New Hampshire. In 
our own work this season we sprayed at four widely scattered points in 
southern New Hampshire and russeted over 95 per ct. of the fruit in every 
instance where we used the home-made bordeaux mixture, 5-5-50 formula. 
This was made of fresh stone lime and was carefully tested with the 
ferrocyanide test and also with a knife blade. As I have previously written 
you, where we used proprietary bordeaux mixtures in the same orchards we 
russeted the fruit hardly at all. In most of these cases we used arsenate 
of lead, but in some paris green and green arsenoid. We are confident that 
the arsenites have nothing to do with the russeting. I feel quite certain that 
the trouble is largely due to the cold, wet weather in the spring at the time 
of spraying. I am inclined to the opinion that in a normal season the same 
bordeaux mixture would not russet the fruit. I am not able to give any 
opinion as to how to prevent this injury except to use weaker bordeaux or 
to use a bordeaux prepared in a different way so that the copper hydrate 
will be a more stable compound. It appears to me that the proprietary bor- 
deaux may not russet the fruit on this account.’”— E. D. SANpERsoN, Ento- 
mologist, New Hampshire Station, Durham, N. H. 
“Tn regard to the bordeaux injury we have some seasons a good deal of it. 
It is to be found in all sprayed orchards, those of the best of our growers 
as well as the poorer ones. It is shown in the case of the leaves by a brown- 
ing of parts of the tissues and still more by the fall of the leaves, either 
