New YorK AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 233 
The following letters show that bordeaux injury is found in 
' Europe as well as in America. 
“In the experiments made in the Station De Pathologie Végétale we have 
often scorched the leaves of apples and pears spraying with bordeaux mix- 
ture. This burning is produced if the mixture is either acid or alkaline, 
even if the proportion of copper sulphate is small. In preventing this burn- 
ing we avoid spraying in a wet time and use a mixture containing no more 
than 1 per ct. of copper sulphate, neutralized exactly by the milk of lime 
diluted considerably. The neutralization of the mixture appears to us to be 
the condition indispensable to avoid burning the foliage of apples and pears 
with bordeaux mixture.”— Dr. Grorces DELacrorx, Station De Pathologie 
Végétale, Paris, France. 
“ When bordeaux mixture is used on fruit trees in Germany the fruits are 
sometimes injured and less frequently the foliage as well. The most im- 
portant literature I have seen on this subject is found in the 1903 report of 
the * Direktor der Kaiserlichen Biologischen Anstalt fiir Land-und Forst- 
wirtschaft.’ It is stated in this publication that one can sometimes diminish 
the injury by doubling the quantity of lime ordinarily used. However, bor- 
deaux injury is not entirely avoided by this excess of lime. The cuticle of 
fruit and leaf is much stronger or weaker according to the weather and for 
this, and for still other reasons, the resisting ability of the organs varies 
greatly from year to year, causing a similar variation in the amount and 
degree of bordeaux injury.”— R. ApErHoLD, Dahlem b. Berlin, Germany. 
“T have noticed at this institution, at the orchards of the Royal Pomo- 
logical Institute, and on the trees at the Hungarian State Orchard, the same 
kind of injury from the use of bordeaux mixture that you describe as having 
in America. pia \} 
“The injury occurs for the most part in damp, warm weather without sun- 
shine, when the tissues of the leaves, and especially the cuticle, are very 
tender and the scorching properties of the copper-lime mixture can act best. 
“A small portion of the apple orchard here at the Royal Institute was 
not treated at the usual time, but at my suggestion it was sprayed with 
bordeaux mixture eight days after the leaves were fully exposed to the sun- 
shine. There was no injury on the trees so sprayed. 
“T have observed similar injuries, with properly prepared bordeaux mix- 
ture, on bush beans, grapes, potatoes and peaches when the foliage had not © 
been properly hardened. 
“T recommend, in practice, the spraying of a few test plants if it is feared 
that the leaves are tender; if after two days no injury can be seen the whole 
plantation can be sprayed. 
“Tt is believed here that the tender-skinned fruits, like the White Winter 
Calville, must usually suffer from applications of bordeaux mixture. 
“T have no knowledge of injury to the foliage of the pear from bordeaux 
mixture.’— Dr. Ewert, Proskau bei Oppeln, Germany. 
‘ 
OCCURRENCE ON OTHER FRUITS. 
Different species of plants are injured in different degrees by 
bordeaux mixture. The peach and the Japanese plum are so easily 
