236 Report OF THE HorTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT, OF THE 
These seeming anomalies are often very suggestive and when 
grouped and correlated have given important clews for further 
work. Most of them can be explained, though not all. They are 
brought about, for most part, as we shall see later, by weather 
conditions; though the manner of spraying, the kind of nozzle 
used, and the quantity of the mixture applied, have important bear- 
ings upon the occurrence of the injury. Since fertility of soil, 
cultivation, age of trees, and all conditions which favor the rapid 
development of foliage make leaves larger and more succulent, 
these conditions probably make the foliage more tender and sus- 
ceptible to the injury. At any rate the most thrifty, best kept 
orchards in which foliage is abundant and healthy, seem most sus- 
ceptible to bordeaux injury. 
DESCRIPTION, OF BORDEAUX. TNs ae 
-In describing the injury the writer has confined himself, for 
most part, to gross characters,— has described the injury as it 
appears to the fruit-grower. Examinations of portions of diseased 
leaves and fruits were made under the microscope at different 
times; but the descriptions of the microscopic characters which are 
given are not as full as we should like to have them. 
THE INJURED FRUIT. 
6 
Some of the common names of the injury, as “spray russeting ” 
and “cork russeting,’ indicate in a very general way the nature 
of the injury of the fruit. Injured specimens always become more 
or less rough and russeted and the layers of damaged cells thick 
and corky. The roughness and russeting vary much in degree 
with individual fruits. These characters give the fruit the appear- 
ance of having been attacked by a fungus and the injury is often 
taken to be the work of some parasite. The appearance of brightly 
colored fruit is much marred, not only because of the russet 
blotches, but the colored portions of the apple are less brilliant. 
This russeting usually comes as an after effect. ” 
The injury first appears as small, round, black or brown spots 
or specks resembling fly-specks, usually less than a millimeter in 
diameter. Unlike apple-scab the spots are regular in shape, smaller 
and not sunken. The spots are clustered about the basal or the 
apical half of the fruits depending upon whether the injury comes 
from a spraying before or after the calyx end of the apples turns 
downward, as the spraying material adheres in greatest quantity 
