288 REPORT OF THE HORTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT OF THE 
trained to single stems. The members of one group of plants 
were ringed as soon as the second cluster of fruits had set; those 
of a second group, when the fourth cluster had set. Plants in a 
third group were unringed. 
g. Ringing consisted of removing a five-eighths inch strip of 
bark, cutting through to the woody tissue. 
10. The heights of the stems were not affected; but irregular, 
bunchy swellings of greater or less size were to be found above 
all of the rings. There was a tendency toward the thickening 
of the whole stem above the wounds. These swellings were 
probably caused by stored food. 
I1. Ringing had no effect on the time of maturity of the fruit. 
12. The average number of fruits per plant was reduced 18 
per ct. by the first ringing and Io per ct. by the second ringing. 
The average loss in weight per plant due to the first ringing was 
16 per ct.; to the second ringing, 12 per ct. In the first ringing 
there was a gain of six one-hundreths of an ounce in the average 
fruit; in the second ringing, a loss of five one-hundreths of an 
ounce. 
13. There were no differences to be noted in regard to either 
the color or the flavor of the fruits from the ringed plants. — 
14. The foliage of the ringed plants was more or less abnor- 
mal, taking on a curved, pendant position with elevated cushiony 
areas and este very succulent tissue. There was a slight yel- 
lowing in the foliage of ringed plants showing an unhealthy 
condition. 
15. The roots of ringed plants were less well developed, fewer 
in number, and smaller in size. The root system seemingly 
suffered from starvation. 
16. Several varieties of chrysanthemums were ringed in the 
autumn of 1906; the plants were trained to single stems; the 
grouping and the manner of ringing were as with tomatoes. 
17. The first group was ringed just as the buds appeared; the 
second group when buds were one-third grown, the interval 
between ringing being about two weeks. 
18. The foliage began to show injury about one month after 
ringing. The upper leaves of many plants had a slight yellowish 
tinge and portions of some of them turned reddish purple. This 
trouble gradually increased until the end of the experiment when 
the foliage of some plants was ruined. 
19. As with the tomatoes, the stems were more or less swollen}; 
considerably so just above the ring and somewhat throughout 
the entire upper part. Ringing decreased the height of the plant. 
