‘ 
298 Report OF THE HorTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT OF THE 
encircling the stem about 5 inches above the ground. ‘The ring 
was split by a vertical cut and the bark was easily peeled from 
the woody cylinder. The process was concluded by scraping 
the bared portion with the edge of the knife to remove all of the 
cambium tissue. The wounds dried almost immediately and 
the plants suffered no appreciable ill effects from the ringing. 
Effect on foliage-—QOn October 19, the foliage of the first 
ringed plants of the varieties Ivory, Major Bonnaffon, Waite 
Bonnaffon and William Duckham had begun to show ill effects 
from the ringing. The upper leaves of many of these plants 
had a slight yellowish tinge and portions of a few leaves of 
the same plants, exposed to the direct sunlight, had turned 
reddish purple. This coloring was undoubtedly due to a 
physiological disorder, since no fungi nor bacteria were present. 
At the end of the following week all the plants in Group 
rt and a few Ivory and William Duckham plants in Group 
2 showed the effects of the ringing. The yellow and reddish 
purple colors were, however, more pronounced on the group 
first ringed than on the second ringed plants. By the first of 
November all the ringed plants in Group 2 showed similar 
changes in color. ‘This trouble increased gradually. As with 
the tomatoes, the leaves were curved and pendent, with the 
elevated cushiony areas and succulent tissue indicating a severe 
disturbance of the physiological processes. By the end of the 
experiment, several of the ringed plants were so badly affected 
that they were worthless. 
Effect on the stems.—As the plants of the three groups of 
the same variety varied in height, measurements were taken 
two days before the cutting commenced. These measurements 
are given in Table II. The plants in Group I averaged 2.4 
inches less and the plants in Group 2 % inch less than the 
check plants. 
As with the tomatoes, the stems were more or less swollen, 
sometimes greatly so just above the ring. So, too, the swell- 
ing throughout the entire upper part of the stem was noticeable 
and there was also the same tendency to fasciation as with the 
tomatoes. ‘The swellings were most marked on Group I. See 
Plate XXIV. 
The stems of one of the varieties, Nagoya, showed numerous 
small, wartlike outgrowths scattered over almost the entire 
length. These protuberances were much more numerous and 
