> 
308 Report oF THE HoRTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT OF THE 
TABLE I.— CoMPOSITION OF SOIL OF STATION ORCHARD.* 



; Top-soil. Sub-soil. 
Per ct. Per ct. 
Po kre, ee. A RG Poe NM. Somme ne Nay pAb 1.04 
Organic matter he: SES L ee MA Abate t Een es 8 Sie ct eee 4.09 2.78 
Pneelisisle Coe. el}: Ate ae Be el a ee Res Soe Rd ae 81.83 80.09 
Sofuble'silicas Via, Se Para a ee eee, eee .30 .23 
Ipoh ped ‘alumindy piel ee ee Ot ee et Si 9.34 10.95 
Darmet ts 2g OUTS SE PEE ORE eet: Ee Cee 7 o> Oe .62 .96 
Magnegsa fer Sai ee chee ete, Ds ae ain ees Meet a .85d 1.26 
FOG er re Bee LEO AOS One he, NEY Oa Name Pe, ee od 36 
Sl ob arie cid ie ee atl oe Nee ae Bae none none 
Potash ei (ye, dhe EOE Ue eis ames ee ee? .89 ues 
POGEDROTC ACI 5's ek bl dyslnn iis BEY Sik ek CABELAS ARE ba ade .093 .097 
Amimomas sd OYA, ee OER AT eT Pee Aap 181 
PUR EO REIT 4 og Sl) 15.) Le Swen, oi na aio Pe Ld auhiosk a Resi) akan Ly Pl ae .210 .149 
Chlorine, carbonic acid, undetermined, etc.......:.......... 43 13 

a 
These analyses show that the sub-soil differs from the top- 
soil in having “less insoluble matter, more iron and alumina, 
lime, potash and soda, less organic matter by twenty-five per ct., 
less phosphoric acid, and thirty per ct. less nitrogen.” Both 
top and sub-soil,.1t can be seen, have a large percentage of potash 
and of lime. 
The soil is not an ideal one for apples, probably not better 
than the average western New York clay soil for this frutii. 
The trees make a good growth and fruit sets in abundance, but 
with most varieties, all in this experiment, the size of the product 
is small; the fruit does not take on high color; and in many 
seasons does not properly mature. Though well drained, the 
soil is yet wet and heavy, probably because of the fine state of 
division of the’ soil particles. The tillage given the orchard 
and the cover crops planted in it have greatly improved the 
character of the soil, though rain quickly renders it unworkable. 
The root-run, because of the quality and depth of the soil, is too 
limited for the best results in growing apples. 
An inspection shows that there are no considerable variations 
of soil in the orchard, the chief one being a tendency, as the 
ground approaches the bottom land of the creek, to less depth 
in top-soil and to a coarser texture. The difference is not so 
creat, however, that the value of the field for experimental pur- 
poses is impaired to any great degree. In general, the soil is 
such that the trees behave essentially as in the great majority 
of the orchards in the region in which the Station 1s located. 
* Wheeler, W. P., N. Y. Sta. An. Rpt., 8:55. 1889, 
