New York AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 135 
in the epidermis. Peaches with a sound epidermis rolled in spores 
of the brown rot fungus did not develop the decay while in cold 
storage. 
III. SULPHUR FUMIGATION TO DESTROY APPLE 
ROT FUNGI. 
Experiments have been made to determine if it is possible by 
fumigation to destroy the spores of the various species of fungi 
that cause the decay of apples. If this were practicable it might be 
desirable to do so at the time the fruit storage house is being cleaned 
in preparation for the new crop. Especially would this be the case 
in an ordinary storage room where fruit is often allowed to decay 
and remain for some time. 
The method of conducting these experiments was to first inocu- 
late a quantity of apples with pure cultures of the various species 
of fungi. When the decay had developed in these fruits and the 
fungus was fruiting freely, cultures would be made by transferring © 
some of the fungus to a sterile sugar beet plug, thus determining 
whether it was in an active condition. The fruits would then be 
placed in a tight room and different amounts of sulphur burned. 
Upon opening the room, usually a day later, cultures would again 
Le made from the apples, thus determining whether the fungus was 
active or had been destroyed by the fumigation. Experiments were 
also made by blowing the spores of Penicillium glaucum (blue 
mold) in the air and then fumigating and determining if this de- 
stroyed the spores. 
The apples used had been artificially inoculated with the follow- 
ing species of fungi which were fruiting freely on decayed areas: 
Glomerella rufomaculans (bitter rot), Spheropsis malorum (black 
rot), Penicillium glaucum (blue mold), Sclerotinia fructigena 
(brown rot), Cephalothecium roseum (pink rot) and Rhizopus sp. 
Before the fumigation, cultures were made of these fungi by 
transferring some of the spores to sterile sugar beet plugs in test 
tubes. When this was done the apples were placed in a tight room 
8x9xiIo feet, equal to 720 cubic feet. Four ounces of flowers of 
sulphur was placed in a dish and burned. 
The room was kept closed for about 24 hours. When opened, 
cultures were again made in the same way as before, thus determin- 
ing whether the spores had been destroyed by the fumigation. 
The results indicated that all but the spores of Penicillium glau- 
cum (blue mold) were destroyed. These were growing vigorously. 
