138 Report OF THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY OF THE 
including Esopus Spitzenburg, were placed in a bel! jar which was 
then filled with sulphur fumes. After five minutes the fruit was 
removed and found to have developed numerous spots that were in 
every way identical with those on the apples received for examina- 
tion etsate LLL. tevez, 
The experiment was repeated many times with wet and dry 
fruits, but the characteristic spots were always produced, though 
more conspicuous on red apples. ‘The spots continued to enlarge 
for some time after the fruits were removed from the fumes. 
The presence of a lenticel in the center of each spot would indi- 
cate that the sulplus dioxid passes into the fruit at this point and 
causes the bleaching of the tissue. A similar effect was produced 
when an artificial break in the epidermis was made. A lenticel 
makes a strong color contrast with the bleached epidermis, thus 
giving it the appearance of a pycnidium. NHydrocyanic acid gas 
was also tried but it did not injure the fruits, though a strong ap- 
plication was made for a good length of time. 
These were the only two substances used; it is possible that other 
chemicals would produce a similar injury. 
Why there should ever have been a desire to fumigate the fruit 
with anything is not clear. Where it was done and by whom could 
not be determined. It was first class fruit in every respect and 
certainly could not have been improved by any known treatment. 
It is possible that it was done by mistake when a car or store house 
was being fumigated. : 
The incident is valuable in bringing out the danger of fumiga- 
ting fruit with sulphur, even though these apples may have been in- 
jured in some other way. 
V. (ENLARGEMENT OF ‘APPLE’ SCAB’ SPOTS3O a Dna 
COVERING OF BORDEAUX MIXTURE. 
The question often arises, will the development of a scab spot, 
Venturia inequalis, upon an apple be checked if it is thoroughly 
covered with bordeaux mixture? Opinions upon this subject seem 
to have differed. Fairchild? states that the scab spot will grow 
1Fairchild, D. G. Bordeaux mixture as a fungicide. U. S. Dept. of 
INGT. LIV, Of Vet tO Dee 
