New YorK AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 305 
manner? ‘While this question can not be answered finally until re- 
sults have been secured in numerous factories, we have sufficient 
data on hand to give a definite answer in the case of one representa- 
tive New York factory for one season. We have fat and casein 
determinations during one factory season for each of 50 different 
herds of cows whose milk was taken to one cheese-factory. The 
analyses of milk were made every other week for each herd 
separately from May to October inclusive. In 23 cases, the fat- 
and-casein method gave a larger dividend than did the fat alone 
by an average of 1.6 cents for each 100 pounds of milk, the greatest 
difference in the case of any one patron being 5.9 cents, and the 
least 0.1 cent. In one case, both methods gave the same results. In 
26 cases, the fat method gave higher results by an average of 1.4 
cents for 100 pounds of milk, the difference varying in the case of 
different individuals from 5.1 cents to 0.1 cent. 
The greatest difference found in favor of the fat-and-casein 
basis, 5.9 cents per 100 pounds of milk, would mean for an entire 
factory season nearly $20, assuming that this patron furnished 33,- 
600 pounds of milk, an average of 224 pounds for 150 days, whick 
was the actual average for each patron. Summarizing the results 
on this basis, we have 23 men receiving more money by the fat-and- 
casein method, amounting altogether, for the season, to $123.46, the 
_ increasing dividends of each varying from 33.6 cents to $19.83, 
and averaging $5.39. As a matter of fact, about two thirds of the 
money would go to 8 patrons. One patron receives the same either 
way. The remaining 26 patrons receive less by the fat-and-casein 
method than by the fat basis, amounting altogether to $123.46, vary- 
ing from 33.6 cents to $17.13, and averaging $4.75 each. 
On the basis of the estimated cost of $60 to $75 spent in paying 
for the test, more than half of the difference ($123.46) would be 
used up, so that, if those who benefited by the casein-test paid for it, 
there would be distributed not more than half of the amount above 
given. This would mean an expenditure of $60 to $75, in order to 
adjust a difference of $123 in the interest of 23 men who furnish 
milk tests below the average in fat. The entire sum involved 
amounts to less than 0.4 per ct. of the factory’s receipts from cheese. 
Under such circumstances, it is not at all likely that the 27 patrons 
would vote to employ the fat-and-casein method in distributing 
dividends, nor is it likely that most of the 23 men benefited would 
ask it, when the high relative cost of making a redistribution was 
understood. While the results represent only one cheese-factory, 
