New YORK AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 313 
operating are A. H. Dutton, Youngstown; Alfred Lewis, Geneva; 
Floyd White, Yorktown; and F. A. Sirrine, Riverhead. This bul- 
letin deals with the progress of the experiments at Youngstown, 
Yorktown and Geneva. Its purpose is to show what is being ac- 
complished in the treatment of old apple orchards; and to point out, 
as far as present knowledge permits, the best methods of affording 
efficient protection to fruit trees against the scale. 
OUTLINE OF EXPERIMENTS. : 
METHODS. 
In conducting these experiments, the orchardist largely selects 
his own sprays, employs his own machinery and manages the spray- 
ing for the treatment of most of the trees. The Station has in 
some instances assisted in preparing and applying the mixtures. 
As far as possible the same kinds of sprays, applied at equal 
strengths, are used in each orchard, that there may be a fair com- 
parison of the results on scale and the costs of the application. 
For the treatment of the trees the most practicable sprays only are 
employed; and the kinds that are selected will vary in number each 
year, according as they stand the test, and as more promising mix- 
tures are introduced. An accurate account is kept of the cost of 
spraying materials, amount of labor required, the wear of 
machinery, and various items that enter into an experiment con- 
ducted from a business point of view. 
NIAGARA COUNTY EXPERIMENT. 
This experiment is being made in co-operation with Mr. A. H. 
Dutton, Youngstown, in an old apple orchard of twenty acres, con- 
sisting of 598 trees of at least forty-seven years of age. The 
varieties and the number of trees to each variety are 380 Baldwins, 
135 Greenings, 40 Spitzenburgs, 16 Kings, and a few summer kinds. 
The orchard has been regularly sprayed with bordeaux mixture 
containing an arsenical poison, and has been annually cultivated. 
until the last three years, when it has been allowed to grow to sod. 
The trees have made an even, symmetrical growth, and are uniform, 
in size and very productive. For these reasons the orchard is con- 
sidered one of the best in the county. 
