314 Report OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
HISTORY OF SCALE IN ORCHARD. 
The San José scale was discovered in the orchard in 1900 upon 
Greenings, and in the next two years it rapidly increased in num- 
bers, causing conspicuous injuries to many of the trees, and render- 
ing much of the fruit unsaleable. Whole branches and an oc- 
casional large limb were killed, while the apples were conspicuously 
marked with red, which often appeared in more or less continuous 
belts or zones about the stem and calyx cavities. At that time it 
seemed that a goodly number of trees. were beyond recovery. By 
1903, the scale had spread throughout practically the entire orchard, 
although there were only scattered areas outside of the Greenings 
where the trees were much incrusted and showing evidences of in- 
jury. The first attempt to fight the scale was in 1902, when the 
trees conspicuously infested with scale and others in their vicinity 
were sprayed with the boiled lime-sulphur-salt wash. In 1903 five 
rows of Greenings, comprising I15 trees, were sprayed with the 
sulphur wash, and in the following year applications were made to 
individual trees in all parts of the orchard. 
DESCRIPTION AND .COST OF SPRAYING PLANT, 
Gasoline spraying outfits, fitted with two leads of hose, with 
three nozzles each, are used in the treatment of orchards infested 
with scale. Each truck has a 20-foot tower, which, with 8-foot ex- 
tension rods, has been found indispensable for the treatment of the 
large trees. The cooking plant consists of an 8-horse-power boiler 
and three tanks of about 200 gallons capacity. From the steam 
dome there is an overhead pipe, fitted with three downward ex- 
tending arms, one to each tank. Each arm has a valve at a con- 
venient height to control the flow of steam. Steam injectors are 
used to feed the boiler with water and to dilute the wash, while the 
spray pump is employed to convey the prepared mixture into the 
wagon tank. 
ITEMS OF CoST OF SPRAYING PLANT. 
rtd eM DOUCIas 5 OF subiaghe a Mee MS cee CRE Cmte See eee one $90 00 
Slbouineatanks;and Piping is. cce eee ee ek oe ee eee 5 00 
aHGasoline powerisprayine touthts. 2... ie ee uh a etee ene 450 00 
Capacity sof plant jpery day... orarl. agek dec puiel ok» acta. eee 2,500 gallons. 

DETAILS OF THE CO-OPERATIVE EXPERIMENT. 
In 1905 arrangements were made by the Station for a co-opera- 
tive experiment in an effort to check the progress of the scale and 
