NEw YorK AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 325 
want of efficient help and the necessity of spraying in as short 4 
time as possible, to release the men for other farm operations, have 
proven serious handicaps. But in spite of these obstacles, the 
amount of the scale in the orchard has been greatly reduced, the ap- 
pearance of the trees has been much improved, and marketable 
fruit has been harvested. The severe pruning of the trees and the. 
treatment of the eastern portion of the orchard with oil in 1905, 
are two operations which greatly facilitated later work in the con- 
trol of the scale. The thorough treatment of the trees is now less 
difficult of attainment, while the application of the crude petroleum 
so completely destroyed the scale that, while two years have now 
passed, the effects of this spraying are still very apparent. On the 
basis of efficiency,. cheapness and safe qualities, the boiled lime- 
sulphur wash and the home-made oil emulsions have proven the 
most satisfactory sprays, and it is believed that with annual appli- 
cations of these remedies, either singly or with one supplementing 
the other, the scale can be efficiently and profitably controlled in 
this orchard. Because of its beneficial effects upon the trees, other 
than in the control of the scale, preference is given to the lime-sul- 
phur wash, with a supplementary spraying, when necessary, with 
a 20 per ct. oil emulsion, for the treatment of the scales hidden in 
the pubescence of the young wood. The experience in this experi- 
ment prompts the suggestion that with care in other details in the 
management of the trees, equal to that directed towards the control 
of the scale, this orchard, as well as others in the same neighbor- 
hood, could be made much more profitable than they have been in 
the past. If more. efficient work were done in the single operation 
of spraying for the codling moth, there would result increased 
profits which would pay in part or whole the cost of spraying for 
the scale. 
WESTCHESTER COUNTY EXPERIMENT. 
This experiment is being conducted in an orchard of 276 trees, 
belonging to Mr. Floyd White, Yorktown, N. Y. The larger num- 
ber of the trees are about fifty years of age, while the remainder 
of the trees are thirty-three years old. The leading varieties are 
Baldwin, Gravenstein, Nonesuch, Roxbury and Rhode Island Green- 
ing. The orchard is regularly sprayed for the ordinary insects and 
plant diseases. No cultivation is given, as the orchard serves as a 
run for poultry. The San José scale was detected in the orchard 
for the first time in 1900. Because of its early infestation, this 
orchard was one of the first to be used for the testing of scale reme- 
