234 REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
The trees planted years ago are now too close together and impede 
the movements of the spraying machine. To spray a large tree 
well requires time and patience. To have to surmount these diffi- 
culties is a new experience for which the average operator at first 
is unprepared either by inclination or training. But definite pro- 
gress can not be attained in the control of the scale until the old 
standards of spraying and spraying methods are improved upon 
and more thorough applications of the sprays are made. ‘These 
old methods and materials gave reasonable satisfaction under the 
conditions originally requiring their employment; but they are in- 
adequate under the new conditions. The chief source of weakness 
in much of the treatment of apple trees in the past is poor spraying, 
resulting from inefficient and disinterested laborers, careless super- 
vision and inadequate spraying machinery. Most of our fruit 
growers who are now very successful in their efforts against this 
pest have had to contend with these difficulties. But as they have 
gained in experience and have profited by their failures and by ob- 
servation of the methods of some more successful neighbor, they 
have gradually raised the standards of their spraying practices. 
With completely equipped power spraying outfits and efficient spray- 
ing crews, many of our fruit growers have developed systems of 
spraying adapted to their individual requirements and regularly 
each year spray their scale-infested trees, with no more concern, 
except as the insect occurs on old trees, than is felt for other im- 
portant pests. Orchardists living in localities where the scale is of 
recent introduction, will invariably, in their first experience with 
this pest, meet with similar obstacles, but by careful attention to 
all details of spraying and with a determination to win, that can 
hardly fail to be inspired by the present successes of many fruit 
growers, they should secure reasonably satisfactory results. 
