340 Report oF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
and the resetting was done by machine, as is common in the field 
operations in this community. The number of plants, by actual 
count, taken from the screened bed was 50,000, which were set by 
July 3. As compared with seedlings grown in the open, the sets 
upon transplanting showed no more wilting than is usual and made 
a normal growth. 
RESULTS ON CHECKS. 
Early seeding.—This bed consisted of 63 rows of go feet in 
length and the seeding was made on April 29. Owing to the cold 
weather, the plants did not commence to appear above ground 
until May 12, when they were immediately attacked by flea-beetles, 
which during the following week destroyed over 50 per ct. of the 
planting or approximately 70,000 plants. The cabbage flies (Pego- 
mya brassicae and P. fusciceps) were also present in large numbers 
and eggs were being deposited about the roots of the seedlings as 
early as May 29. The injuries caused by the flea-beetles, and espe- 
cially by the cabbage-maggots, stunted and destroyed a large propor- 
tion of the remainder of the plants so that only a few dozens of 
sets were available for replanting. 
Medium time of seeding: Checks proper.— This bed consisted of 
68 rows of 150 feet in length and was sown on May 13. The con- 
ditions were the same as with the screened area, except that the 
rows were I foot apart and were not protected by covering. The 
date of the appearance of the plants above the ground was May 20, 
which was the same for both lots. The warm weather and fre- 
quent showers were very favorable to the plants which at the start 
made a good growth. A few flea-beetles were present in this bed 
but they did not cause important injuries. The cabbage flies were 
very numerous and on still warm days were very active in deposit- 
ing eggs about the plants. On June 20 the first appearance of in- 
juries by maggots was detected, and although there was no general 
wilting of the plants, partly due to the moist condition of the soil, 
an examination showed that the bed was well infested with root- 
maggots. During a succession of hot days in the following week 
these insects destroyed many seedlings and affected very appreciably 
the growth of the remainder of the plants, which made no material 
increase in size. It was estimated that at least 40 per ct. of the 
plants were killed by the maggots. On July 3 the plants that were 
still alive were much smaller than those grown under screening 
and, as they were generally undersized, only 30,000 seedlings were 
used for transplanting. The amount of seed that was sown in this 
