New YorRK AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 349 
lot were dipped with the exception of the roots and the others were 
wholly immersed. In each experiment checks were reserved of 
each variety for purposes of comparison, to note the effects of the 
various treatments upon the scales and the health of the trees. 
THE EFFECTS OF DIPPING ON THE SAN JOSE SCALE. 
EXPERIMENT NO. I. 
INFESTED BEN DAVIS APPLES DIPPED IN SULPHUR WASH OF DIFFERENT 
TEMPERATURES. 
The principal object of this experiment was to determine the 
effects of dipping trees in the lime-sulphur wash, heated to various 
temperatures, upon the San José scale. The trees used for this 
test were Ben Davis apples of three years of age, which were 
moderately encrusted with the scale. While the scale was in con- 
spicuous numbers on them, the trees appeared to be vigorous and 
showed no appreciable signs of injury other than the usual dis- 
coloration of the cambium layer. ‘The trees selected for treatment 
were dug from the nursery row on April 4, suitable protection being 
immediately given from the sun and the wind. They were dipped 
during the following day in the lime-sulphur mixture, prepared 
after the standard formula. The trees were dormant and showed 
no signs of growth other than a slight swelling of the buds. 
For the dipping operations, four preparations of the standard 
lime-sulphur wash, with temperatures of 60°, 100°, 120° and 
212° F. respectively, were made. Four lots, of thirty trees each, 
were quickly plunged into the respective preparations of the wash 
and instantly withdrawn. Immediately after they were dipped the 
trees were “ heeled in; and on May 6 were planted 18 inches apart 
in rows 4 feet apart. They were afterward cultivated according to 
nursery practice. , 
Results on scale— On July 5, active lice were discovered for 
the first time for the season. A\ll the lots, exclusive of those dipped 
in the wash at 212° F., had a few trees on which there was an oc- 
casional active scale. The majority of the trees showed no signs 
of larval activity. On August 14 the lice were more numerous and 
there was quite a little sprinkling of scales on the trees that were 
originally much more encrusted. A few trees in each lot were free 
of scale. As a result of the treatment, a large percentage of the 
old infestation had weathered off, and the bark of the trees was 
quite clean, and in marked contrast to the checks, which were much 
encrusted. An examination of the trees on September 8 showed 
