300 Report of THE DEPARTMENT oF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
killed in spots which gave rise to more or less extensive dead areas. 
Wounded areas made by the cutting of a large root sometimes did 
not callous and failed to produce adventitious roots. 
In. the field experiments with oil emulsions, there were no evi- 
dences of injuries to the trees, but in some laboratory tests, con- 
ducted later, on the immersion of roots in an emulsion, contain- 
ing 20 per ct. of oil, damages resulted. The injuries were even 
more severe than with the sulphur wash, and were apparent about 
the collar as well as the roots of the plants. 
GENERAL SUMMARY. 
Immersion of moderately infested apple and pear stocks in the 
standard lime-sulphur wash was attended with variable results on 
the scales. None of the four lots, representing 600 affected trees, 
that were dipped showed complete destruction of this pest. In each 
lot there were individual trees on which the scale was efficiently 
combated, but the remainder of the stock, while deriving some bene- 
fit from the treatment, showed an infestation which varied from 
two per ct. to thirty-five per ct. of that previous to dipping. Prepa- 
rations of washes at temperatures of 60°, 100° and 120° (Po ex- 
hibited similar variations in their effectiveness on the scale, while 
immersion of infested trees in the wash at a temperature of 212° 
F. entirely killed the scales and severely injured the trees. Dip- 
ping of roots in the sulphur wash was usually accompanied by in- 
juries which varied in extent with the kinds of stock, apples and 
peaches sustaining the most damage. Ben Davis apples showed a 
loss of 96 per ct. of the number of trees wholly dipped, Mann 
apples, 26 per ct., and Fitzgerald peaches, 95 per ct. The treat- 
ment of the tops of apples and pears by instantaneous dipping or 
immersion from one to five minutes in the wash at temperatures 
of 60° to 120° F., generally caused no important injuries. Mann 
apples and Bartlett pears apparently sustained slight damages to 
buds by immersion for ten minutes. The dipping of the tops of 
peaches and plums in a sulphur wash at temperatures of 60° to 
120 F., for less than three minutes, was unattended with appreciable 
injuries, while immersion for longer periods of time seemed in some 
instances to destroy many buds. The tops of peaches were killed 
by immersion for ten minutes in the lime-sulphur wash at a tem- 
perature of 60° F. 
In the field tests with kerosene emulsion, containing 10, 15 and 
20 per ct. of oil, and miscible oil, diluted with 10, 15 and 20 parts 
