New YorRK AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION. 391 
our fruit growers, who are now erecting steam cooking plants. The 
outlay for a suitable plant need not be large, and if one possesses 
mechanical ingenuity a very satisfactory outfit can be provided at 
moderate expense. 
The essentials for a steam cooking plant are a steam boiler with 
necessary piping, barrels or vats and a plentiful supply of water, 
located as nearly as possible in the most central point of the 
orchards to be sprayed. Upright 8-horse-power boilers are com- 
monly used by our fruit growers. Under good management a 
boiler of this capacity will cook about 2,000 gallons of wash per day 
or more than enough to keep two power spraying outfits employed. 
If less wash per day is required, smaller boilers, ranging from 4 to 
6 horse power may be used. Fruit growers are warned not to pur- 
chase boilers of too small capacity for their needs because of the 
difficulty of maintaining sufficient steam pressure to cook the wash 
and to operate as well the injectors to pump water. 
For boiling the wash, either barrels or casks are employed. 
These are usually mounted on platforms about six feet from the 
ground, so that the prepared wash may flow by gravity from the 
cooking receptacle to the spraying tank. From an overhead pipe 
leading from the steam boiler, there are downward extending arms, 
one leading to each barrel or cask.” Each arm is fitted with valves 
to regulate the inflow of steam. Some fruit growers, to avoid the 
climbing necessitated by a raised platform, have the boiler and 
barrels on the same level, and employ injectors to pump water and 
the engine on the spray rig to convey the wash from the cooking 
barrel to the wagon tank. While the principles are the same, there 
is much difference in the appearance, convenience and capacity of 
the cooking outfits; as the orchardists generally erect the plants to 
suit their own ingenuity, tastes and circumstances. The illustration 
in Plate XXXV is an example of an outfit in common use in this 
State which will assist the fruit grower in erecting a cooking plant 
to meet his needs and fancy. 
SULPHUR WASH CONTROLS OTHER ORCHARD PESTS. 
The sulphur wash is a combined insecticide and fungicide. When 
well applied, this spray not only controls the San José scale, but it 
is also effective against other orchard pests. Early spraying in the 
spring will control peach leaf curl; and an application of the wash 
to apple trees, before the buds burst, will take the place of the first 
treatment with bordeaux mixture for the prevention of apple scab 
In some experiments on trees of moderate size treatment with a 
