394 Report oF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
If it is desired to make larger quantities of the emulsion, the above 
proportions should be maintained. 
This formula is employed by a number of commercial fruit 
growers, who have experienced considerable difficulty in controlling 
the scale in old apple orchards by the use of a sulphur wash. Very 
satisfactory results have attended its use. With a steam cooking 
outfit, an emulsion can be more easily prepared than the sulphur 
wash and it 1s not so disagreeable to apply. Orchardists whe have 
been unable to control the scale satisfactorily in the older orchards 
are advised to try this formula for the entire treatment of the trees 
or as a spray supplementary to the usual application of the lime- 
sulphur wash, to reach the scales in the pubescence of the young 
wood. Successive years’ spraying with strong oil emulsions may 
injure the trees. Orchardists employing these mixtures should 
watch for the appearance of injury, in which event a safer spray 
should be used as an alternative treatment. 
OIL EMULSION FOR SUMMER USE, 
Summer spraying for the scale is now growing in practice. The 
chief aim of this work is to prevent the spotting of fruit. There 
are a number of observations which indicate that summer applica- 
tions by some fruit growers have given fairly satisfactory results 
and have paid for the trouble and expense, although it is generally 
believed that the treatment of trees in foliage for the San José 
scale is usually a failure. Orchardists who have only ‘partially con- 
trolled the scale by spring treatments, and who desire to prevent 
the further breeding and spread of the scale in their orchards are 
advised to test the value of summer spraying for their own use. 
For the treatment of trees in full leaf, dilute the above formula 
with seventeen gallons of water, which makes a spray containing 
approximately 10 per ct. of oil. In applying the emulsion, pains 
should be taken to thoroughly wet the fruit, foliage and wood of 
the branches and limbs which show spotted fruit. 
BORDEAUX-KEROSENE-MIXTURE FOR SUMMER USE. 
This is a new mixture to be tried experimentally on a few trees 
to determine its effects upon scale and plant. The merit of this 
spray is that oil may be used in the ordinary bordeaux mixture, 
which avoids the necessity of distinct applications of each. The 
flour acts as a carrier of the oil and in proportion to the amount 
