396 ReEporRT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY OF THE 
is to dilute the oil with water in the required proportions. These 
mixtures are well adapted to the needs of individuals who have 
only a few trees or small orchards to spray. Throughout the State 
there are fruit growers who, because of the ease of preparation, 
prefer these oils to other remedies. In the Station experience these 
preparations should be used in stronger proportions than is com- 
monly recommended. If only one application is made, spray in 
the spring as the buds are swelling, using one part of the oil di- 
luted with ten or fifteen parts of water. The miscible oils should 
never be applied while the trees are in leaf or when the buds are 
opening as the applications may cause severe injuries. 
It is claimed that these preparations may be safely used in the 
fall as soon as the majority of leaves have fallen, and that even 
more satisfactory results may be obtained on scale than by spring 
applications. The Station experiments have not given conclusive 
results on the safeness of such practice, so that the fruit grower 
planning for fall spraying should keep this point in’ mind. Kil-o- 
Scale may be purchased from Griffith & Turner, Baltimore, Md.; 
Scalecide from the B. G. Pratt Company, 11 Broadway, New York 
City; and Target Brand Scale Destroyer from the American Hor- 
ticultural Distributing Co., Martinsburg, W. Va. These prepara- 
tions may also often be purchased from local dealers in spraying 
supplies. 
HOME-MADE MISCIBLE OILS. 
These are new sprays and their use is largely tentative, to de- 
termine their utility under ordinary orchard conditions. These mix- 
tures require much more care and exactness in their preparation 
than the common scale remedies, and the chemical trade is not gen- 
erally well informed of the supplies required by the present for- 
mula. For these reasons we advise fruit growers that home-made 
miscible oils are largely experimental remedies and should not be 
extensively used until the ability of the average orchardist to pre- 
pare them or have them compounded properly has been satisfac- 
torily determined. Publications on the preparation of miscible oils 
are bulletins 75 and 79, Delaware Experimental Station, Newark, 
Del., and bulletin 49 Storrs Experiment Station, Storrs, Conn. 
THINNING OUT AND PRUNING OF OLD APPLE ORCHARDS. 
Close planting of orchards was formerly a common practice and 
as a result many apple trees have become very crowded. ‘The trees 
have produced too much top growth, which is difficult to spray, and 
