412 REPORT OF THE HoRTICULTURAL DEPARTMENT OF THE 
tinued, are unfavorable to pollination. A cold, dry, north wind 
in blooming-time chills vegetation and stops the normal functions 
of flowers and leaves. On cold, clear nights, winds keep off 
frosts by renewing the heat; or by bringing fogs or clouds from 
lakes or ocean, frosts are prevented on the leeward side of the 
water. 
8. It is beyond the power of man to control weather except in 
the case of light frosts which may be prevented to some extent by 
whitewashing trees to delay blooming-time; by smudging to pre- 
vent loss of heat by radiation; and by the use of numerous fires 
in the orchard to raise the temperature. 
g. Locations for growing the different fruits should be selected 
with reference to general and local climate; in the first case, 
latitude, altitude and proximity to large bodies of water are the 
determining factors; in the second case the lay of the land is the 
determinant. 
10. Varieties of fruit of the several kinds can be selected with 
reference to time of blossoming to escape in some degree injurious 
_ stresses of weather. 
11. Fruits may be selected with reference to their ability, from 
one cause or another, to withstand injurious weather; of the 
several factors which influence hardiness, cultural treatment to 
induce strong vitality probably helps plants most to withstand 
stresses of harmful weather. 
12. The climate changes in short cycles but such oscillations 
are not permanent and it is probably beyond the power of man ta 
change the climate by flooding or draining, by planting or destroy; 
ine forests, or by any other means. 
13. Ths time of blooming is a particularly important period in 
erowing fruits and especially so as to the welfare of the crop. 
The dates of blooming for 866 varieties of fruit are given in the 
bulletin and from these the following deductions may be drawn: 
14. If cross-fertilization is to play an important part in fruit- 
growing, in planting to secure it kinds must be chosen which 
come into blossom at the same time as those which they are ex- 
pected to fertilize. A table is given which shows the sorts that 
bloom together or nearly enough so to make cross-pollination 
possible. It will be found upon examining the list, that under 
normal conditions and during the average season, varieties of 
any one species overlap sufficiently for the above purpose unless 
it be the very early and the very late varieties. 
